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71 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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External anatomy of the spinal cord
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conus ends at L1
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spinal cord segment
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8 cervical
12 thoraci 5 lumbar 5 sacral few coccygeal |
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Outside the vertebral colum is refered to
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peripheral nerve
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the nerve roots exit
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through intervertebral foramina
C8 between c7 and t1 |
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ventral (anterior) constitue
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motor outflow
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dorsal ( posterior)
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sensory
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largest fibers Ia is
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muscle spindles
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A beta convey
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impulses in skin and joints
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Branches of Spinal Nerves
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Posterior
anterior Rami meningeal |
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white rami
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communicans
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cord segment consist of
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roots, ganglia, branches s
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identify the division medial divison
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Pacinian, muscle spindle, golgi and encapsulated ending
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identify the later division
small |
free nerve endings
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somatic afferent fibers are
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are sensory and unipolar
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Types of Visceral Efferent Fibers
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autonomic fibers ( motor)
sympathtic (L1 and L2) smooth muscle and glands Parasympathtic (nerves III, Ix and X) |
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dermatomes of C's of the arms
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C5,7, 8, and T1
arm |
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dermatomes for the anterior trunk
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C4 and T2
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thumb, middle finger, and 5 digit are
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C6, C7, c8
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nipple
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T4
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umbilicus T
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t10
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myotome refers
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skeletal musculatur innerverated by the motor axons in givine spinal root
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Deltoid and Biceps
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C5
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Diaphragm
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C3 and C4
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C7
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Triceps
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L3 L4
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Quadriceps
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S1 Gastrocnemius
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gastrocenemius
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Gray Columns consity of ventral and anterior horm but contains
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alpha and gamma motor (lower motor
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T1 to L2 within spinal segment
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preganglionic symathing which would travel to the white rami communication
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S2, S3, S4 give rised to
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parasympathetic
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dorsalateral fasiculus are small compat also called
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Lissauer's tract
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Dorsal and ventral gray matter are
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narrow
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tracts are made of
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fiber bundles, of myelinated fibers of fasciculi
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Dorsal column is divided into
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medial portion (fasiculus gracilis)
and lateral portion (fasciculus cuneatus) |
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Descending corticospina tract
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Medullary pyramind
lower motor |
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Vestibulospinal tracts two major fibers
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lateral vestibular and medial vestibulospinal
reacts to fallling and essential control of antigravity |
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Map of corticospinal tract
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descendend
lateral corticospinal tract pyramidal tract medulla, pyramidal decussation |
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Map of dorsal colum
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ascending
gracile nucleus (cuneate nucleus) leminiscal decussation, fasciculus cuneatus |
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spasticity
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hyperstretch
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Polysynaptic reflexes
reciprocal |
flexors are excited and extensors inhibited on one side of the body
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polysynaptic reflexes
divergence |
stimuli from a few rceptors are distributed to many motor neurons int he cord
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Summation
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Consecutive or simultaneous subthreshold
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hierarchy
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two antagonistic reflexs are elicited
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Polysnpatic
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propriospinal
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Crossed of poly
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can be afferent, ipsilateral and contraletaral
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Lower vs. upper neuron lession
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weakness
deep tendon reflexes, babinski's reflex atropy fasciculation and fibrillation |
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tumor of dorsal root
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produce pain
loss of sensory deep tendon reflexes |
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tumor of menings
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compress of spinal cord,
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A lesion
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1. Anterior Corticospinal tract
2. Motor, efferent 3. gross motor dysfunction of leg (paresis) mostly; ipsilateral side, and postural dysfunction (Ant Corticospinal tract main purpose is postural control, therefore, little affect on arm). 4. same, but arm uninvolved. |
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B LESSION
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1. Lower Motor Neuron Pool, Lamina IX
2. Motor, efferent 3. Atrophy, weakness, fasiculations, deep tendon reflexes absent-of the ipsilateral arm. 4. same, except leg only. |
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C
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1. Lateral Corticospinal tract
2. Motor, efferent 3. Spastic paralysis, pathological reflexes, increased deep tendon reflexes, of arm and leg, ipsilateral side. 4. same, except leg only. |
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D
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1. Dorsal Column System
2. Sensory, afferent 3. Loss of fine touch and vibration sense, proprioception, arm and leg ipsilateral side. 4. same, except leg only |
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E
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1. Anterior Spinothalamic Tract
2. sensory, afferent 3. loss of light touch (crude touch) in arm and leg contralateral (opposite) side of the body. 4. same, except leg only. |
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presnynaptic
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a second chemical mediator released onto the ending of excitatory neuron causes a reduction in the size of the postsynaptic potential
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direct inhibiotn
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called psost inhibito, a chemical meditor related from inhbitory that causes hyperpolarization
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identify laminas
b |
top is
Lissauer's tract so it is a b shape the end is VI |
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middle of lamina
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VII
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center of lamina
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X
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a small fraction of corticospoian descend
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0-3 percent
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dorsal gray function as
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afferent
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somatotopic organization
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dorsal column, gracile fasciculus, cuneate fasciculus,
lateral corticospinal tract spinothalamic tract |
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gracile fasciculus
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sacral and lumbar
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cuneate fasciculus
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thoraci and cervical
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lateral corticospinal
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cervical and lumbar
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spinothalamic tracts
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sacral and cerveical
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refractory
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decreased excitability
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absolute refractory period
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another action potential cannot be generated
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relative refractory
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conduction velocity is decresed and threshold incresed
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Voltatge sensitive ion
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specicalized protein molecules contain a pore tht act specific ion
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Voltage sensitive
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sufficient are opened an explosive all or non, depolarization of threshold
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voltage sensitve K oopen
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leads to hyperpolization
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nonmyelinated are sensitive
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na and K channel
Na accounts for depolarzation K produces repolarization |
