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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Disorders caused by immune response. Divided into 4 categories
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Hypersensitivity reactions
Type I - Immediate Type II - Anti-body mediated Type III - Immune complex mediated Type IV - T-cell mediated *Differ in type of immune response causing the injury & nature / location of antigen being targeted. |
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Type 1 - Immediate Hypersensitivity Disorders
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Immune Mechanism: IgE
Rapid reaction / within minutes Called "allergic reaction" Allergens: pollens, dust mites, animal dander, foods & chemicals (drugs). Mechanism of Injury: Release of mast cells or basophils Primary Phase: 5-30mins; subsides w/in 60mins. Secondary Phase: 2-8hrs later; last several days. |
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Type II - Antibody Mediated Disorders
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Immune Mechanism: IgG or IgM
Target cell surface or connective tissue. Mechanism of injury (3): Phagocytosis & opsonization of cells; recruitment and activation of inflammatory cells (neutrophils and macrophages); abnormalities in cellular function. RBCs, WBCs, Transfusion reactions & Rh disease. |
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Type III - Immune-Complex Mediated Disorders
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Immune Mechanism: Formation of immune complex by circulating antigens and IgG or IgM
Damage to vascular lining of liver Arthus reaction Serum Sickness Glomerulonephritis. Mechanism of Injury: Complement-mediated recruitment & activation of inflammatory cells |
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Type IV - T-cell Mediated
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Immune Mechanism: CD4 T cells (delayed type or CD8 cytotoxic T-cell mediated cytolysis)
Direct cytotoxicity - viral reactions Delayed-type - TB test; Allergic contact dermatitis Autoimmune diseases: Hashmato, systemic lupus, RA Graft rejection Mechanism of injury: macrophage activation of cytokin-mediated inflammation; direct target cell killing |
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3 types of Host-Versus-Graft-Disease
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Hyperacute - immediate; circulating antibodies react with graft
Acute - Exposure to transplant causes activation of immune system, especially T-cells Chronic - Blood vessels in transplant gradually damaged. |
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Graft-Versus-host-Disease
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Transplanted immune cells attack host
*Bone Marrow transplant: woman to man greater chance of GVHD than man to man. *More children = greater chance woman's marrow causes GVHD |
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Decrease in function of the immune system.
Primary = T-cell, B-cell, & Ig deficiencies and combined. Acquired = HIV, AIDS |
Immunodeficiency
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Primary Infection Phase of HIV
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Signs of systemic infection
Seroconversion: immune system responds and antibodies against HIV appear (1-6 months) |
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Latent Period of HIV
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Virus is replicating; T-helper count gradually falls.
May last 10+ years |
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Overt AIDS
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T-helper cells <200cells/mL or AIDS defining illness
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AIDS: Opportunistic Infections
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Respiratory - pneumonia, pulmonary TB
Gastrointestinal - E coli, C diff, yeast (candidiasis), C. parvum Nervous system: T gondii; gait problems, seizure disorders; HANDs & HAD (dementia) |
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AIDS: Malignancies
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Karposi's sarcoma
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma |
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AIDS Defining Illness associated with diarrhea; involuntary weight loss of at least 10% baseline body weight.
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Wasting Syndrome
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