Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Four leading sites of cancer in the United States.
|
Lung, Breast, Colorectal, Prostate
|
|
|
Seven characteristics of normal cells.
|
1=Limited division, 2=Specific morphology, 3=Small nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio, 4=Preform specific functions, 5=Adhere tightly together, 6=Non migratory, 7=Grow in orderly & well regulated fashion.
|
|
|
Cell cycle: 4 phases of the mitotic phase.
|
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
|
|
|
Cell cycle: G0
|
Resting state
|
|
|
Cell cycle: G1
|
Preparing for division
|
|
|
Cell cycle: S
|
Doubles DNA
|
|
|
Cell cycle: M
|
Divides; splits into 2 cells
|
|
|
Any new or continued cell growth not needed for normal development or replacement of dead and damaged tissues.
|
Neoplasia
|
|
|
A mass of new tissue that grows independently.
|
Neoplasm / tumor
|
|
|
8 Malignant cell characteristics
|
1=Loss of differentiation (look, function) from original, 2=Rapid & continuous growth (No G0 phase), 3=Not contact inhibited, 4=Large nuclear cytoplasmic ratio, 5=Adhere loosely together, 6=Migrate, 7=Grow by invasion (metastasis), 8=Immortal (more deviant as they multiply)
|
|
|
5 common sites of metastasis.
|
1=Lymph nodes, 2=Liver, 3=Lungs, 4=Bones, 5=Brain
|
|
|
Type of cancer that does not metastasize.
|
Basal cell carcinoma
|
|
|
Risk factors for cancer
|
Heredity, Age, Gender, Poverty, Stress, Diet, Occupation, Infection, Tobacco, Drugs & alcohol, Obesity, Sun exposure
|
|
|
Fibro-
|
From connective or fibrous tissue
|
|
|
Adeno-
|
From glandular tissue
|
|
|
Lipo-
|
From fat cells.
|
|
|
-oma
|
Tumor
|
|
|
Category: solid
|
Associated with organs.
|
|
|
Category: liquid
|
Originate from blood cell forming tissues. (e.g. leukemia & lymphomas)
|
|
|
Grading - aggressiveness
|
Grade 1 = least malignant
Grade 4 = most malignant |
|
|
TNM staging
|
Tumor, Node, Metastasis
|
|
|
Tumor marker
(e.g. PSA =Prostate Specific Antigen) |
Substance found in the blood, urine and tissues, that can be elevated in cancer.
|
|
|
7 warning signs of cancer
|
CAUTION
Change in bowel or bladder habits. A sore that does not heal. Unusual bleeding or discharge. Thickening or lump Indigestion or difficulty swallowing. Obvious change in the size, color, shape, or thickness of a wart, mole, or mouth sore. Nagging cough or hoarseness. |
|
|
Chemotherapy
(therapeutic actions) |
Different points in cell cycle; Interrupt metabolism and replication; Interfere synthesis of enzymes or other chemicals, Often used in combination
|
|
|
Chemotherapy: 5 classes of drugs
|
Alkylating agents
Antimetabolites Anti-tumor antibiotics Hormones Mitotic Inhibitors |
|
|
Teletherapy
|
External radiation. Time; Distance; Shielding; 30min treatment; 6-7 weeks.
|
|
|
Brachytherapy
|
Radioactive material placed in body. Intracavitary; Insert Applicater; Bed rest 1-3 days
|
|
|
Side Effect Care: Alopecia
|
Educate (temporary or permanent); Wig; Alternatives; Honest approach; Allow to vent fears
|
|
|
Side Effect Care: N/V, anorexia, weight loss
|
Antiemetics; Psychological factors, Adequate oral intake: foods at room temp, avoid sweet, fatty, spicy & salty foods; Behavior techniques.
|
|
|
Side Effect Care: Oral Complications: Mucositis; Stomatitis; Esophagitis, Xerostomia (dry mouth), Taste Alterations
|
Salt or baking soda rinses QID; Soft nylon toothbrush; Avoid mouthwash; Fluids, No floss or water piks; "Swish & spit" analgesic; Topical or systemic analgesic; Antibacterial / Antifungal; Dental exams; Dietician
|
|
|
Side Effect Care: Bone Marrow Suppression
|
Monitor for: Neutropenia, Thrombocytopenia, Anemia
|
|
|
Side Effect Care: Bowel Alterations
|
Diarrhea: Culture stool; anti-diarrheals, F&E, Na & K
Constipation: Fluids, roughage & fiber; exercise, check for impaction. |
|
|
Side Effect Care: Sexual Dysfunction
|
Open discussion; sperm banking, egg cryo, oral contraception; medication, support groups.
|
