Njds: Histology - Oral Cavity

Front 1

What are the anatomical limits of the oral cavity?

Back 1

bordered anteriorly by lips and posteriorly by oropharynx.

Front 2

What is the oral cavity lined with?

Back 2

ORAL MUCOSA
continuous with skin at VERMILLION BORDER
continuous with GI tract at PHARYNX

Front 3

What are the functions of the oral mucosa?

Back 3

1. Protection
barrier to microorgs withstands mechanical trauma.
2. Sensation
receptors for taste, touch, temp, pain, salivation, and certain neuromuscular reflexes
3. Secretion
saliva and sebum (minor)
4. Thermal Regulation
insig. in human, BIG in animals
5. Speech
allows for modification of sound
6. Respiration
conduit for inhalation and exhalation

Front 4

What are the differences between the oral mucosa and integument?

Back 4

1. oral mucosa more deeply colored
2. moist surface
3. NO skin appendages
exception = Fordyce granules
4. Most of oral mucosa is smooth
exceptions = reugae, tongue papilla, linea alba, surface stippling
5. Localized variations in firmness and surface texture

Front 5

What are the 4 major divisions of the oral cavity?

Back 5

1. MASTICATORY MUCOSA
2. LINING MUCOSA
3. SPECIALIZED MUCOSA
4. MUCOSAL JUNCTIONS

Front 6

MASTICATORY MUCOSA

Back 6

-found on gingiva and hard palate
-thick ortho or para keratinized stratifeid SE
-over collagenized CT adhereing to PERIOSTEUM (mucoperiosteum)

Front 7

LINING MUCOSA

Back 7

-found on soft palate, ventral surface of tongue, floor of mouth, lowe part of alveolus, labial and buccal mucosa
-thin, nonkeratinized Stratifed SE
-except lips (ortho or para
-attached to bone or muscle w/ loose collagenous CT
-in some areas contain minor salivary glands, Fordyce granules, adipose tissure

Front 8

SPECIALIZED MUCOSA

Back 8

-thick keratinized or nonkeratinized stratified SE
-forms LINGUAL PAPILLAE
-CT richly vascularized with nerves and blood vessels
-posteriorly has minor salivary glands

Front 9

What are two types of mucosal junctions?

Back 9

1. MUCOCUTANEOUS JUNCTION
2. MUCOGINGIVAL JUNCTION

Front 10

MUCOCUTANEOUS JUNCTION

Back 10

-separates CIRCOCUMORAL SKIN and VERMILLION ZONE of lips
-lip epi. is thin and kertainized, contains prominent vascular RETE PEGS
-makes mucosa look red
-No skin appendages except SEBACEOUS GLANDS

Front 11

MUCOGINGIVAL JUNCTION

Back 11

separates ALVEOLAR MUCOSA from attached GINGIVA

Front 12

ALVEOLAR MUCOSA

Back 12

-nonkeratinized stratified SE
-loose lamina propria w/ high elastic fiber content

Front 13

ATTACHED GINGIVA

Back 13

-keratinized SSE
-lamina propria w/ many coarse collagen bundles
-attached to periosteum

Front 14

What are the 5 major tissue components of oral cavity?

Back 14

1. ORAL MUCOSA
2. RETE PEGS
3. LAMINA PROPRIA
4. LYNPHOID TISSUE
5. SUBMUCOSA

Front 15

What are the 4 layers of oral mucosa (from superficial to deep)?

Back 15

1. STRATUM CORNEUM
2. STRATUM GRANULOSUM
3. STRATUM SPINOSUM
4. STRATUM BASALE

Front 16

STRATUM CORNEUM

Back 16

-outermost layer
-orthokeratin or parakeratin
-not present in NONkeratinized

Front 17

STRATUM GRANULOSUM

Back 17

-thin layer of flattened cells
-contains keratohyaline granules
-in NONkeratinized granulosum not present

Front 18

STRATUM INTERMEDIUM and STRATUM SUPERFICIALE

Back 18

replaces granuloum and corneum respectively in NONKERATINIZED epithelium

Front 19

STRATUM SPINOSUM

Back 19

-thickes portion
-cells polyhedral
-have prominent desmosomal attachments around circumference
-contains LANGERHANS CELLS

Front 20

STRATUM BASALE

Back 20

-single layer of cuboidal or columnar cells
-deeply basophilic nuclei
-MITOTICALLY ACTIVE
-gives rise to cells that mature and exfoliate
-contains MELANOCYTES and MERKEL CELLS

Front 21

Keratinocytes

Back 21

all cells that form keratin

Front 22

Nonkeratinocytes

Back 22

in oral cavity
-Langerhans cells
-Melanocytes
-Merkel Cells

Front 23

Inflammatory Cells

Back 23

migrating leukocytes
-found w/in oral mucosa epi.

Front 24

RETE PEGS

Back 24

-conical projections
-superficial CT
-interdigitate w/ epithelial ridges
-HIGH SURFACE AREA
-resistant to shearing forces
-MANY nerves, capillaries, venules, and lymphatics to supply and drain epi.

Front 25

LAMINA PROPRIA

Back 25

-CT ssupportin epi. and separating it from submucosa and other structures
-very vascular

Front 26

What are the 2 layers of the LAMINA PROPRIA?

Back 26

1. PAPILLARY LAYER
2. RETICULAR LAYER

Front 27

Papillary Layer

Back 27

found among epithelial ridges

Front 28

Reticular Layer

Back 28

-many irregularly oriented collagen bundles
-more dense than papillary layer
-NO RETICULAR CT

Front 29

LYMPHOID TISSUE

Back 29

scattered lymphocytes and plasma cells in subepi. CT

Front 30

SUBMUCOSA

Back 30

-in lips, cheeks, and portions of palate
-less dense collagen bundles than in Lamina Propria
-many nerve and vascualr tissue
-minor salivary glands and fat

Front 31

What are the 5 forms of specialized oral mucosa of the dorsum of the tongue?

Back 31

1. TERMINAL SULCUS
2. FILIFORM PAPILLAE
3. FUNGIFORM PAPILLAE
4. FOLIATE PAPILLAE
5. CIRCUMVALLATE PAPILLAE

Front 32

TERMINAL SULCUS

Back 32

-V-shaped groove
-separates body of tongue from tongue base

Front 33

FILIFORM PAPILLAE

Back 33

-many elongated structures at anterior of tongue
-thin CT core with overlying SSE
-tall spire of parakeratin
-NO TASTE BUDS

Front 34

FUNGIFORM PAPILLAE

Back 34

-dome shaped scattered among filiform papillae on anterior of tongue
-thin nonkeratinized SSE
-contains taste buds
-overlies thick CT core
-Partly responsible for SWEET and SALTY tastes

Front 35

FOLIATE PAPILLAE

Back 35

-posterolateral portions of tongue
-not prominent in humans
-prallel array of mucosal ridges
-taste buds found on ridge inclines

Front 36

CIRCUMVALLATE PAPILLAE

Back 36

-8-12
-LARGE
-abut anterior aspect of terminal sulcus
-encircled by deep groove
-glands of von Ebner empty into grooves
-superior aspect lined by keratinized SSE, lateral walls are nonkeratinized SSE
-many tsatebuds on lateral portion
-acid/sour tastes

Front 37

TASTE BUDS

Back 37

-chemoreceptors
-present on tongue, palate, pharynx, and epiglottis
-encompass entire thickness of epi.
-ovoid shape
-use circular taste pore to communicate with oral/pharyngeal cavity

Front 38

What are the three cells that constitute the taste buds?

Back 38

1. Basal Cell
2. Gustatory Cell
3. Sustentacular (supporting) cell

Front 39

BASAL CELL

Back 39

precursor cells

Front 40

GUSTATORY CELL

Back 40

-TASTE RECEPTOR
-lightly staining

Front 41

SUSTENTACULAR CELL

Back 41

-Supports Gustatory cells
-acts as taste receptor
-dark staining

Front 42

Which two cells are associated with unmyelinated nerve endings?

Back 42

Gustatory and sustentacular cells
-gustatory has stronger relationship with nerve endings

Front 43

What do gustatory and sustentacular cells have?

Back 43

apical microvilli protruding into taste pore

Front 44

WALDEYER'S RING

Back 44

Lymphoid tissue concentrated in palatine, lingual, and pharyngeal tonsils.
-Forms irregular ring surrounding entrance to oropharynx

Front 45

What are the 10 age changes in the oral mucosa?

Back 45

1. Thinner epithelium
2. Flattening of epithelial ridges
3. Smoother surface
4. Decreased number of filiform papillae
5. Decreased number of Langerhans cells
6. Vascular changes
-lingual varices
7. Increased number of Fordyce granules
8. Decreased cellularity/increased collagen content of LAMINA PROPRIA
9. Salivary gland atrophy
-alteration in taste
-xerostomia
-burning sensation
10. Loss of definition in VERMILLION BORDER