Nitrogen Metabolism

Front 1

alpha-ketoglutarate gives rise to

Back 1

glutamate, glutamine, proline, arginine

Front 2

glutamine is formed from glutamante via what enzyme

Back 2

glutamine synthetase

Front 3

proline is a cyclized derivative of

Back 3

glutamate

Front 4

what is required for the production of proline from glutamate (other than the enzymes)

Back 4

ATP and NADPH/NADH

Front 5

arginine is synthesized from glutamate via

Back 5

ornithine and the urea cycle

Front 6

biosynthesis of serine is from

Back 6

3-phosphoglycerate

Front 7

biosynthesis of glycine is from

Back 7

serine

Front 8

what enzyme removes a carbon from serine to generate glycine

Back 8

serine hydroxymethyltransferase

Front 9

a carbon atom is removed/added to serine to generate glycine

Back 9

removed

Front 10

what does the serine hydroxymethyltransferase reaction require

Back 10

THF and PLP

Front 11

ornithing delta-aminotransferase reaction is a key step in the mammalian pathway to

Back 11

proline

Front 12

what amino acids are derived from 3-phosphoglycerate

Back 12

serine, glycine and cystein

Front 13

serine glycine and cysteine are derived from

Back 13

3PG

Front 14

to generate cysteine, who donates the sulfur and who donates the carbon skeleton?

Back 14

methionine donates the sulfur and serine donates the carbon skeleton

Front 15

methionine donates the sulfar and serine donates the carbon skeleton to produce

Back 15

cysteine

Front 16

pyruvate plus glutamate yields

Back 16

alpha-ketoglutarate and alanine

Front 17

oxaloacetate plus glutamate yields

Back 17

alpha-ketoglutarate plus aspartate

Front 18

aspartate is formed by

Back 18

oxaloacetate plus glutamate

Front 19

alanine is formed by

Back 19

pyruvate plus glutamate

Front 20

aspartate plus what to get asparagine

Back 20

glutamine

Front 21

aspartate plus glutamine yeilds

Back 21

asparagine and glutamate

Front 22

what enzyme acts on the reaction of asparatate and glutamine

Back 22

asparagine synthetase

Front 23

what is often delivered along with chemo in children with ALL

Back 23

asparaginase

Front 24

six essential amino acids

Back 24

lysine, methionine, threonine, isoleucine, valine, leucine

Front 25

tryptophan, tyrosine and phenylalanine are what category of amino acid

Back 25

cyclic

Front 26

animals can produce tyrosine directly from

Back 26

phenylalanine

Front 27

tyrosine to phenylalanine -- what enzyme?

Back 27

phenyalanine hydroxylase

Front 28

what species does biosynthesis of histidine occur in?

Back 28

plants and bacteria

Front 29

who provides the two nitrogens for histidine?

Back 29

ATP and glutamine

Front 30

who provides the 5 carbons for histidine

Back 30

PRPP

Front 31

in what reaction does ATP act as a metabolic cofactor

Back 31

biosynthesis of histidine

Front 32

what provides allosteric inhibition of threonine dehydratase in E. Coli

Back 32

isoleucine

Front 33

what is a precursor of porphoryins

Back 33

glycine

Front 34

glycine is a precursor for what molecules

Back 34

porphoryins

Front 35

porphyrins are important in the production of what

Back 35

heme

Front 36

heme requires what amino acid

Back 36

glycine

Front 37

arginine, glycine and methionine are precursors of what two molecules

Back 37

creatine and phosphocreatine

Front 38

creatine and phosphocreatine are made by what precursors (3)

Back 38

arginine, glycine and methionine

Front 39

glutamate, cysteine and glycine are precursors of

Back 39

glutathione

Front 40

glutathione precursors (3)

Back 40

glutamate, cysteine and glycine

Front 41

what is an important function of GSH

Back 41

as a redox buffer

Front 42

dopamine, epinephrine and norepinephrine are derived from what amino acid

Back 42

tyrosine

Front 43

tyrosine is important in the production of what molecules

Back 43

dopamine, norepinephrine and epinephrine

Front 44

name three catecholamines

Back 44

dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine

Front 45

what is the precursor for GABA

Back 45

glutamate

Front 46

what is the precursor for serotonin

Back 46

tryptophan

Front 47

nitric oxide is derived from

Back 47

arginine

Front 48

polyamines are derived from (2)

Back 48

methionine and ornithine (arginine)

Front 49

ornithine decarboxylase is targeted in the treatment of what disease

Back 49

African Sleeping sickness

Front 50

what enzyme is targeted in the treatment of african sleeping sickness

Back 50

ornithine decarboxylase

Front 51

the pathway of polyamine biosynthesis is a vulnerable point in what disease

Back 51

african sleeping sickness

Front 52

what pathway of synthesis is important in african sleeping sickness

Back 52

polyamine biosynthesis