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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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2 diseases caused by iodine deficiency
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Goiter and Cretinism
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Before aborption in Small Intestine, what chemical change does iodine endure?
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reduction to iodide
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What is the percentage breakdown of what happens to iodine in the human body.
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20% thyroid absorption
77% kidney absorption 3% loss to feces |
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What are the endemic iodine deficiency regions of the world?
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mountainous regions - alps, Hims, Andes
great arc of the the Hims - wet Paistan, india, nepal, n thailand, vietnam, indo Goiter belt in US from Michigan to Maine |
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Where are the areas of excess iodine?
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Chile, central Africa
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What is the symbol of the endocrine surgeon?
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the rhinocerous
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Factors, other than iodine deficiency, that cause goiter?
(Goitrogens) |
sulfurated organic chems
flavonoids DDT Soyabean Cabbage Cassava (contains thiocyanates) (He's not expecting us to know these) |
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Iodine is a goitrogen? How's that?
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excessive intake may cause goiters
endemic area for goiter reported on coast of Hokkaido in Northern japan Diets contained huge amounts of seaweed, excretion of iodine in urine exceeded 20 mg/day |
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Selenium deficiency- how does it cuase goiters?
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lack of enzyme glutathione peroxidase (which contains selenium)
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Is there a pathologic difference b/w endemic goiters and ordinary nodular goiters or sporadic goiters?
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no
In fact, you should shoot a pathologist who says there is a difference. |
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Signs and symptoms of Neurologic Endemic Cretinism
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Predominantly neuromotor defects, including:
Strabismus Deaf-mutism Disorders of gait & coordination Goiter, usually present Three characteristic features are: severe mental deficiency with squint, deaf-mutism, motor spasticity with characteristic disorders of arms and legs Deafness, a striking feature, complete in 50% of pts |
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Neuropathology suggest that period from ____weeks until 20-30 weeks, period when damage occurs
Development of brain occurs between 12-18 weeks |
12-14
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Iodine repletion must occur by ? months of pregnancy to prevent cretinism
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3
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Signs and symps of neurologic cretinism
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Gross mental retardation
Varying degrees of shortness of stature Deaf mutism Spasticity Goiters As many as 1/10th of populations with very severe iodine deficiency may be affected |
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What are Features of a Myxedematous Cretin
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Goiter, usually absent, thyroid gland may not be palpable
Less severe mental retardation than neurologic cretin Features of extremely severe hypothyroidism, present in early life Severe growth retardation with incomplete maturation of features, mandibular atrophy Puffy features with thickened dry skin, dry & rare hair, eyelashes, eyebrows Delayed sexual maturation |
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a meta-analysis of 19 studies on neuromotor & cognitive functions in conditions of moderate to severe iodine deficiency, resulted in loss of ____ IQ points
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13.5
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Complications of Iodine Repletion
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There are two major complications in the replenishment of iodine in any community and that is the effects of overcompensation:
1. Iodine-induced hyperthyroidism 2. Autoimmune thyroiditis |
