Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
6 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
NIELSON - soft determinist, argues for compatibilism
His view of what need to be free: 1. Person performs action; 2. Their Choice to perform action is not externally constrained; 3. Their Choice to perform A isn't internally (neurotically) compelled. Every choice or action is determined; nevertheless, some of them are free. To be free is to have the ability & opportunity to do what you want to do in accordance with your own desires or wants. Freedom comes in degrees - more or less relative to other people. Constrained/compelled: unfree Unconstrained/uncompelled: free Must have the ability to do so or not free either. Freedom has to do with quality & quantity of options. |
CAMBPELL - Libertarianism & determinism - incompat. People should be held accountable for doing things. But, when we pass judgment we take past history into consideration like genetics, environment, experiences. (Extenuating circumstances.) Necessary but insufficient conditions for freedom. Need contra causal freedom to have freedom. Must have break in the contra causal chain - like chain of dominoes. In order to be free, the past can't interfere on the present choice. Campbell says if choice involves conflict, it's not a free choice. Duty v. desire. External constraint ---- pushed from outside in making decisions. Subjective point of view. Campbell says must move the sense of duty to internal not external. My sense of duty v. desire. Not an external constraint if your own sense of duty.
|
|
|
2. NIELSON says when we're not free:
1. When compelled by another. 2. When person attains habitual ascendancy over another. 3. Kleptomania - some neurotic compulsion. |
2. CAMPBELL: says past causes character which causes choice that causes action. Character caused by past. Character doesn't guarantee free choice & that's where contra causal freedom comes in. Choices are only free if they aren't influenced by your past. The only time we're free & that break takes place is when your sense of DUTY conflicts with DESIRE. Past --- desires --- choice --- action.
|
|
|
NIELSON
|
CAMPBELL: Says that if choice involves conflict, it's free choice. External constraint - pushed from ou tside in making decisions. He states that the sense of duty must be moved from externally to internally. Internally when it's your own sense of duty. Duty v. Desire.
|
|
|
1
|
Libertarianism - key element in this is that the agent "could've done otherwise" but did not. Person is morally responsible for performing a given act only if he could've acted otherwise.
|
|
|
ne
|
Campbell argues actions are free when: 1) Is self-caused or self-determined. Thinking of self only. 2) He could've acted otherwise. 3) Not determined or caused by one's character. Cambpell believes a free choice has nothing to do with one's character, action not based or determined by one's character.
|
|
|
ds
|
Campbell: Some actions, particularly religious/moral are uncaused. Not even caused by desires or character. A truly free act is not an act that carries ouit of strongest desires - goes against our desires. He thinks if they are based on desires, we're not fully free. Wholly uncaused. No one responsible unless they could've done otherwise. Makes moral choices accidental.
|
