Nhm-Chapter 9 (Vocab/notes) Test 2

Front 1

Advances in health care have reduced infant mortality. Advances in neonatal health care have increased survival of infants who were preterm, low birthweight and/or with chronic conditions. Result: more infants requiring specialized nutritional services.Newborns born at 1lb (2oz)-1lb (5oz), have a 33% chance of survival at birth. This birthweight corresponds to ____weeks of gestation in the second trimester of pregnancy. Infants with birthweight of (2lb-2lb (3oz)) are in the _____ week range of gestation and have a 88% chance of survival.

Back 1

-23 weeks

-29 weeks

Front 2

Generally, those born before 34 weeks have higher nutritional risks. Infants born with consequences of abnormal development during pregnancy (pos from alcohol etc) can lead to _________________. Infants are also at risk of chronic health problems such as seizures or cocaine withdrawal symptoms.

Back 2

-Down Syndrome

Front 3

A federal category of services for infants, children, and adolescents with or at risk for: physical or developmental disability or with a chronic medical condition caused by or associated with genetic/metabolic disorders, birth defects, prematurity, trauma, infection, or perinatal exposure to drugs?

Back 3

Children with Special Health Care Needs

Front 4

An infant weighing <2500 g?

Back 4

LBW (5lb)

Front 5

An infant weighing <1500g?

Back 5

VLBW (2lb 3oz)

Front 6

An infant weighing <1000g?

Back 6

ELBW (2lb 3oz)

Front 7

Death that occurs before complete expulsion from the mother after 20 weeks or more of gestation and the fetus does not breathe or have a heartbeat?

Back 7

Fetal Death or Stillbirth

Front 8

Condition in which three copies of chromosome 21 occur, resulting in lower muscle strength, lower intelligence, and greater risk for overweight?

Back 8

Down Syndrome

Front 9

Condition in which electrical nerve transmission in the brain is disrupted, resulting in periods of loss of function that vary in severity?

Back 9

Seizures

Front 10

Extra ___________ is needed in circumstances such as infections, fever, difficulty breathing, temperature regulation, and recovery from surgery and complications.

Back 10

Energy

Front 11

A liquid form of fat used to boost energy, composed of medium-chain triglycerides?

Back 11

MTC Oil

Front 12

DRIs for vitamins and minerals are appropriate for many infants with health conditions because recommendations are set with a _________ margin. However, DRIs are based on growth of typical infants, not those in which __________________ is required.

Back 12

-Safety

-Catch-up Growth

Front 13

Period of time shortly after a slow growth period when the rate of weight and height gains is likely to be faster than expected for age and gender?

Back 13

Catch-Up Growth

Front 14

Slow weight gain, Fast weight gain, Slow gain in length, Disproportionate weight to height gain, Unusual growth pattern with plateaus, Change in body composition, Change in brain size, Size change in skeleton or organs are all nutritional concerns in infants with special health care needs in terms of ____________.

Back 14

Growth

Front 15

Calorie needs are higher or lower, Nutrient needs are higher or lower, Specific nutrient needs are different, Vitamins, minerals, or co-factors are required in higher or lower amounts are all nutritional concerns in infants with special health care needs in terms of nutritional _______________.

Back 15

Adequacy

Front 16

Mouth or oral cavity, GI tract, Appetite suppression, Poor interaction between infant and parent, Posture or position, Timing of foods and beverages, Poor food choices, and Poor instructions are all nutritional concerns in infants with special health care needs in terms of ____________.

Back 16

Feeding

Front 17

Infants at high risk: Prematurity - <___ weeks; highest risk<___ weeks. Low Birth Weight - <2500 gVery Low Birth Weight - <1500 gExtremely Low Birth Weight - <1000 g. Infants with genetic disorders, malformations, birth complications, and at risk for chronic health problems.

Back 17

-<37 weeks

-<34 weeks

Front 18

VITAMINS AND MINERALS: Required in __________ amounts for catch-up growth; health conditions; medications, feeding issues. Caution with using ______ – based on growth of healthy infants. Consider the need for catch-up growth. Limiting nutrients: Calcium, Iron, Vit. B12, Vit. D and fluoride. Human Milk Fortifiers and preterm formulas provide concentrated nutrients in small volumes.

Back 18

-Greater

-DRIs

Front 19

Calcium, Iron, Vit. B12, Vit. D and fluoride are?

Back 19

Limiting Nutrients

Front 20

Growth Assessment requires specific techniques. Use diagnosis specific growth ________; watch medication side effects (like Down Syndrome). Use standard growth chart for:Birthweights >________g; born at 35-37 weeks. VLBW and ELBW require specific premature growth charts. Correct for gestational age calculation= _____ - Gestational age at birth /____. Then months, subtract from current _______.

Back 20

-Chart

->2500g

-40

-4

-Age

Front 21

Growth: Impacted by _________ and kind of insult – marijuana, alcohol, tobacco, crack/cocaine. Impacted by ________ treatment. ______________ are infants born >32 weeks with VLBW and ELBW. Early Intervention Services are key.

Back 21

-Timing

-Medical

-Catch up Growth

Front 22

The interaction of a chronic condition with at least a 25% delay in one or more areas of development?

Back 22

Developmental Delay

Front 23

Developmental Delay and effects on Nutrition: ________ growth and difficulty __________. May not predict later developmental disabilities.

Back 23

-Slower

-Feeding

Front 24

Hospital discharge after preterm birth may be based on a pattern of _________.

Back 24

Weight gain

Front 25

Small head size for age and gender as measured by centimeter (or inches) of head circumference?

Back 25

Microcephaly (can affect muscle mass, body composition, and subsequent growth)

Front 26

Large head size for age and gender as measured by centimeters (or inches) of head circumference?

Back 26

Macrocephaly (can affect muscle mass, body composition, and subsequent growth)

Front 27

Used to describe a wide range of symptoms that reflect slow development?

Back 27

Developmental Delay

Front 28

______________ is an example of a condition in which developmental delay is noted in infancy. Nutrition diagnosis for this include difficulties related to weak muscles in the face, feeding, swallowing, high risk of excessive energy intake, resulting in overweight; and altered appetite and function related to constipation.

Back 28

Down Syndrome

Front 29

Condition represented by at least a 25% delay of standard evaluation in one or more areas of development such as gross or fine motor, cognitive, communication, social, or emotional development?

Back 29

Developmental Delay

Front 30

Condition of deficits in communication and social interaction with onset generally before age 3, in which mealtime behavior and eating problems occur along with other behavioral and sensory problems?

Back 30

Autism

Front 31

Down syndrome infants love to suck and have things in their mouths so much that is is easy to ______________ them. Development of ____________ occurs at a slower rate, with lower physical activity, which also can contribute to overweight.

Back 31

-Overfeed

-Movement

Front 32

Delivery of nutrients directly to the bloodstream?

Back 32

Parenteral Feeding

Front 33

Method of delivering nutrients directly to the digestive system, in contrast to methods that bypass the digestive system?

Back 33

Enteral Feeding

Front 34

Delayed development is a common outcome of ELBW. The initial problem after birth is that the newborn cannot nurse like a full-term infant and most require respiratory support to breath. Getting adequate energy and nutrients into the preterm infant requires _______________, usually first __________ feeding then __________ feeding.

Back 34

-Nutritional support

-Parenteral

-Enteral

Front 35

Feeding problems for preterm infants: Fatigue. Low volume tolerance“__________ feeding”. More irritable, less able to cue needs. Regular infant feeding guidelines may not be applicable – ie. Feeding on __________; weaning times. Children with Special Health Care Needs - congenital anomalies, genetic syndromes, malformations but not necessarily all low birthweight infants.

Back 35

-Disorganized

-Demand

Front 36

Rate of feeding a preterm baby is much __________ so the milk can become contaminated while it is out.

Back 36

-Slower

Front 37

A form of enteral nutrition support for delivering nutrition by tube placement from the mouth to the stomach?

Back 37

OG (oral-gastric) Feeding

Front 38

Form of enteral nutrition support for delivering nutrition by tube placement from the nose or mouth into the upper part of the small intestine?

Back 38

TP (transpyloric) Feeding

Front 39

Form of enteral nutrition support for delivering nutrition by tube placement directly into the stomach, bypassing the mouth through a surgical procedure that creates an opening through the abdominal wall and stomach?

Back 39

Gastrostomy Feeding

Front 40

Form of enteral nutrition support for delivering nutrition by tube placement directly into the upper part of the small intestine?

Back 40

Jejunostomy Feeding

Front 41

Pre term are different from term infants. Their _______ does not signal hunger, they have unstable feeding ________ such as forward head position, and oral _____________.

Back 41

-CNS

-Positions

-Hypersensitivity

Front 42

Signs of feeding problems _____ months: Poor head control, Resists spoon feeding, Drinks from bottle but rejects baby foods, Does not put things in mouth, Resists textures, Fails to give cues.

Back 42

>6 months

Front 43

Infants with ______________ need more nutrition services than typical infants because their growth and feeding development require close monitoring and intervention. Major types of these birth defects are #1 ____________ malformations and next _____________ defects.

Back 43

-Congenital anomalies

-Spina Bifida

-Anencephaly

Front 44

Common examples of congenital anomalies are those for infants with ___________ and __________. Major feeding difficulties occur before and after corrective surgeries for this, and they sometimes interfere with growth in infancy and early childhood.

Back 44

-Cleft lip

-Cleft palet

Front 45

Condition evident in a newborn that is diagnosed at or near birth, usually as a genetic or chronic condition, such as spina bifida or cleft lip and palate?

Back 45

Congenital Anomaly

Front 46

Condition initiated early in gestation of the central nervous system in which the brain is not formed correctly, resulting in neonatal death?

Back 46

Anencephaly

Front 47

Condition in which the upper lip and roof of the mouth are not formed completely and are surgically corrected, resulting in feeding, speaking, and hearing difficulties in childhood?

Back 47

Cleft Lip and Palate

Front 48

Rare genetic condition of protein metabolism in which breakdown by-products build up in blood and urine, causing coma and death if untreated?

Back 48

Maple Syrup Urine Disease

Front 49

Need the nutrition interventions by restriction of specific nutrients started within days of birth- waiting one week can even cause irreversible brain damage or death?

Back 49

Maple Syrup Urine Disease

Front 50

Example of a condition that can be picked up by newborn screening before illness presents is?

Back 50

Cystic Fibrosis

Front 51

Condition in which chromosome 22 has a small deletion, resulting in a wide range of heart, speech, and learning difficulties?

Back 51

Chromosome 22Q11.2 Deletion Syndrome

Front 52

1st cause of intellectual disability is _______________ followed by ________________.

Back 52

-Down Syndrome

-Chromosome 22Q11.2 Deletion Syndrome