Nhm- Chapter 13 (Vocab/notes) Test 2

Front 1

Expectations that children will become more independent in making food choices, assisting with meal preparation, & participating at meal times with other family members apply to children with special health care needs. Expectations are the same for _________ children with or without special needs. (should be given same responsibilities and not babied because of their problem)

Back 1

ALL

Front 2

Nutritional requirements of children with special health care needs: Vary in nutritional requirements & health needs. __________ energy intake with small muscle size. High protein needed with high protein losses, such as _______________. High _________ needed with frequent losses from vomiting and diarrhea. High ________ needed for chronic-constipation management. Increases or decreases in vitamins or minerals due to medication. Routine illness is more likely to result in frequent hospitalizations. Nutrient & health guidelines may not apply because of health needs.

Back 2

-Low

-Skin breakdown

-Fluid

-Fiber

Front 3

Energy needs: Energy needs vary depending on special health care condition. _________ calories needed by children with slow growth or decreased muscles such as in ____________ syndrome. Increased calories needed as activity increases such as in ____________ and __________.

Back 3

-Lower

-Prader-Willi

-ADHD and ASD

Front 4

Protein needs: Vary by condition. Recovery (burns) & cystic fibrosis increases protein needs to 150% DRI. PKU and other protein-based inborn errors of metabolism require ___________ protein. Hydrolyzed or specific amino acids.

Back 4

-Decreased

Front 5

Other nutrients: Adequate vitamins & minerals should be provided in a well-balanced diet. Conditions that interfere with adequate nutrient intake include: Chewing or other feeding problems, Side effects from prescribed medications, Food refusals, Treatment of condition that includes restriction of certain foods. **

Back 5

**

Front 6

Growth Assessment: ________ 2000 growth charts are a good starting place for assessing the growth of any child. Adjustments may need to be made for children with some conditions that affect the rate of growth. Long-term health goals are ________ important for children with life-shortening conditions. Warning signs for growth problems:Plateau in weight, Pattern of weight gain & then loss, Failure to regain weight lost during an illness, Unexplained/unintentional wt gain.

Back 6

-CDC

-Less

Front 7

Factors that affect growth: _______ of condition onset: May determine if growth charts will be applicable. ____________ conditions: May interfere with accurate measurementsActivity/inactivity level.

Back 7

-Age

-Secondary

Front 8

Condition in which muscle control declines over time as a result of nerve loss, causing death in childhood?

Back 8

Spinal Muscular Atrophy

Front 9

Common consequence of a condition, which may or may not be preventable over time?

Back 9

Secondary Condition

Front 10

Condition in which the vertebral bones in the back show a side to side curve, resulting in a shorter stature than expected if the back were straight?

Back 10

Scoliosis

Front 11

Term pertaining to the central nervous system's control of muscle coordination and movement?

Back 11

Neuromuscular

Front 12

Health conditions may alter muscle size, bone structure, and fat stores. ____________ results in short stature, low muscle tone, & low weight. _____________ & spina bifida may reduce muscle tone. Spina bifida may impact muscles only in the _______ extremities.

Back 12

-Down Syndrome

-Cerebral Palsy

-Lower

Front 13

Special Growth Charts: Are available for some special conditions. Conditions that do not have growth charts include:Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, Cystic fibrosis, Rett syndrome, Spina bifida, Seizures, and Diabetes. **

Back 13

**

Front 14

Nutrition Recommendations: Assess intake to determine if nutrients and energy are adequate. Children with special health needs benefit from same dietary recommendations as other children. Most children will be able to eat and drink like everyone else. __________ feeding may be required for:Kidney disease, Some cancers, Severe cerebral palsy, Cystic fibrosis.

Back 14

Gastrostomy

Front 15

Supplements may be beneficial for conditions to assure adequate intake. Conditions that require supplements: __________ problems - liquid supplements. Diabetes or ketogenic diets - avoid supplements with added ____________. _______ - avoid supplements with certain artificial sweeteners. Cystic fibrosis requires ___________ vitamins. Galactosemia (restricts dairy) requires ___________.

Back 15

-Cheweing

-CHO

-PKU

-Fat-soluble

-Calcium

Front 16

High-fat, low carbohydrate meal plan in which ketones are made from metabolic pathways used in converting fat as a source of energy?

Back 16

Ketogenic Diet

Front 17

Condition in which low bone density or weak bone structure leads to an increased risk of bone fracture?

Back 17

Osteoporosis

Front 18

Conditions that impact fluid status and increase needs include:Uncontrollable __________, Constipation from neuromuscular disorders, Multiple medication use.

Back 18

Drooling

Front 19

Eating and feeding problems are diagnosed when children have difficulty with:Accepting foods, Chewing them safely, Ingesting enough foods and beverages. 70% of children with developmental delays have feeding difficulties. **

Back 19

**

Front 20

Hormone usually produced in the pancreas to regulate movement of glucose form the bloodstream into cells within organs and muscles?

Back 20

Insulin

Front 21

Cystic fibrosis: Dietary considerations: ___________ and ___________ increase 2 to 4 times the usual recommendation to compensate for malabsorption. Enzymes taken with meals to aid in digestion. Frequent meals & snacks. ______________ vitamin supplements. Gastrostomy feeding at ________ may be needed to boost energy intake.

Back 21

-Calorie and protein

-Fat-soluble

-Night

Front 22

Disorder in insulin & blood glucose regulation?

Back 22

Diabetes Mellitus

Front 23

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 1—virtually no insulin productionType 2—associated with obesity. Treatment includes:Timing & composition of meals & snacks. ____________ injections—for type 1. __________ Summer camps for diabetic children.

Back 23

-Insulin

-Exercise

Front 24

Seizures= _____________. Results of a seizure range from mild ___________ to severe jerking. Treatment: Feeding or eating during postictal state _______ recommended due to choking risk. Medications—may impact growth and/or appetite. ___________ diets—severely low-CHO diet with increased calories from fat.

Back 24

-Epilepsy

-Blinking

-NOT

-Ketogenic

Front 25

Time after seizure of altered consciousness; appears to be like a deep sleep?

Back 25

Postictal State

Front 26

Severely low-CHO diet with increased calories from fat?

Back 26

Ketogenic Diet

Front 27

Group of disorders resulting from brain damage; impaired muscle activity-coordination?

Back 27

Cerebral Palsy

Front 28

Cerebral Palsy: Nutrition concerns: _______ growth, Difficulty feeding & eating, Spastic quadriplegia (which increases nutrition problems) (muscle stiffness).

Back 28

Slows

Front 29

Inborn error of metabolism?

Back 29

PKU

Front 30

Body lacks enzyme needed to metabolize phenylalanine?

Back 30

PKU

Front 31

Require intervention to manage breakdown of dietary proteins?

Back 31

PKU

Front 32

PKU: Diet is adequate in vitamins, minerals, protein, fat and calories. Nutrients are often provided in __________ form.

Back 32

Liquid

Front 33

Dietary treatment includes avoiding meats, eggs, dairy products, nuts & soy beans?

Back 33

PKU

Front 34

ADHD: Most common ______________ problem (~5% to 8% of children). Chaotic meals & snacks with difficulty staying seated. May be given fewer opportunities in the kitchen due to impulsiveness.

Back 34

-Neurobehavioral (control of behavior by the nervous system)

Front 35

ADHD: Nutritional concerns:Medications:May __________ appetite & growth. Medication peak activity is aimed at ________ hours. Appetite returns to normal when meds are not given such as on weekends & school holidays.

Back 35

-Decrease

-School

Front 36

Most ________ were infected around the time of birth and it differs in children under age of 13 than in adults.

Back 36

HIV