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84 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is journalism for?
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to inform the public
provide public with a forum entertainment communicate with mass amounts of people help |
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Journalism is also for three other things
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Building communities
citizenship democracy - you are able to have an opinion and it lets you know the truth |
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What is journalism's primary purpose?
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to provide citizens with information they need to be free and self governing
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What does journalism have an obligation to do?
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tell the truth
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Who is journalism's first loyalty to?
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its citizens
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What is journalism's essence?
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a dicipline of verification
which means they interview both sides of the story |
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What must journalism's practictioners do?
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maintain an independence from those they cover
which means they must remain unbias |
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What must journalism serve as?
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An independent monitor of power
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What must journalism provide for?
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A forum for public criticism and compromise
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What must journalism strive to make?
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It must strie to make the significant interesting and relevant
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What must journalism keep the news?
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comprehensive and proportional
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What must journalism's practioners be allowed to exercise?
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Their personal conscience
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What is news?
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relevant to the people
something that affects you entertainment interesting |
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What is news in three words?
These are also the broad guidelinesfor judging the news value of an event |
Relevance
Usefulness Interest |
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What are the most important guidelines for judging news value?
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Impact
Conflict Novelty Prominence Proximity Timeliness |
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Explain Impact
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How many people are impacted by the story
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the greater the impact...
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the more likely it is newsworthy
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Explain Conflict
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Bad news is often more newsworthy than good news
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Explain Novelty
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People or events may be interesting and therefore newsworthy just because they are unusual or bizarre
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Which is a novelty...
a regular pumpkin? or one the size of a car? |
The one the size or a car becasue it is bizarre, therefore newsworthy
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Explain Prominence
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Names make news. The bigger the names...the bigger the news
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Explain Proximity
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The closer to home a story takes place, the more newsworthy
people often want to know how the news relates to their own community |
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Explain Timeliness
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News needs to be new. To be relevant and timely it must be new.
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Name the 5 things that are vital functions of journalism in a free society
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Journalist...
1. report the news 2. monitor power 3. uncover justice 4. tell stories that delight and amaze 5. sustain communities |
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Is it possible to be objective?
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You can try to not look at it just from one perspective, but it is virtually impossible because of personal baggage. (How you were raised, education, etc)
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What can journalist be in order to be as objective as possible?
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Accurate
Fair Balenced |
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What two questions should ever journalist ask before publishing a story?
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Is it accurate?
Is it fair? |
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What does accuracy entail?
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All names must be spelled correctly, quotes must be directly quoted not paraphrased, if math is involved the numbers must ad up, etc
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What does fairness entail?
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All viewpoints should be represented in the story
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What does fairness require?
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That you make every effort to avoid following you own biases in your reporting and your writing
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What is the frame of a story?
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The viewpoint, or prespective, from which you tell a story
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What type of frame should an honest journalism portray?
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The frame the reveals the story most fully and fairly
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What is news judgement?
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Deciding what news is important
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Are all stories equally important?
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NO, you need to publish what your particular readers would be interested in
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What do news editors rely on?
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The 5 News values in order to make their news judgement
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What are the four steps for news value in action?
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1. Which news comes first?
2. How news is placed on the page? 3. Which facts come first in the story? 4. What words to use in headlines? |
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What does the editorial committee do?
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They may pick stories that people should know and are not necessarily going to be interested in.
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How can editors and reporters be bias?
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1. How they were raised
2. Their own personal beleifs |
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Is it possible to completely eliminate bias?
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no, we have to accept out bias but be fair
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Reporters are often blind to their own prejustices. What is one way for them to avoid the possiblity of a prejudtise story?
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To not cover stories that you have been personally affected by.
ex: date rape, abuse, etc |
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What are four warning signs of bias?
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Imbalence
Two Sides Slanted language patronizing/condescending approches |
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Explain imbalence
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Only having one side of the story
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Explain slanted language
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"chick" "babe"
degrading etc |
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Explain patronizing/condescending approaches
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Nerd
Old Timer Single Mother Weak-kneed Threaten Trailer Park Elderly etc |
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Interviewing
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A conversation with a source
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What is the most basic requirement of any successful interview?
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A reasonable degree of trust between the reporter and the source
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If you interview someone continually what is a good way to build trust?
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1. get quotes right
2. get to know the source |
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When you prepare for a topic what should you do before you report on it?
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You need to find out what has been reported prior to your interview
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When you prepare for a person?
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Know their biography and their expertise regarding your story
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How should you set up the interview?
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It should be at the interviewers convinence
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Should you tell the source how must time you will need for the interview?
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yes
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What is the advantage of having a the interview in a neutral location?
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IT can be more relaxed and the ball is in your court. They don't have any power over you.
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What two things technical things should you ask the source about prior to the interviews?
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About a recording device and a photographer
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What should you let the source do with the quotes you are using?
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Let them check the accuracy of them
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What ground rules should you make prior to the interview?
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Make sure everything is on the record and that everything is attributale
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What types of questions should you ask?
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Neutral, open ended questions
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What type of question is this?
Do you have a dog? |
Closed ended
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What types of question is this?
Will you explain to me the best qualities about your dog? |
Open ended
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Attribution
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credit for quotes
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For all news storys what form of speech should you use?
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only the word say
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On a person's first reference in a story what part of the name do you use?
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First and last name on first reference
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What part of the name do you use on the second and subsequent reference?
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Last name only
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When two people with the same last name are in your story which name do you use?
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The first and last name throughout the story
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How should you place teh attribution?
Joan Collins said? or said Joan Collins? |
Joan Collins said
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What is attribution not needed for?
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1. events or facts that the reporter actually witnesses
2. obvious facts and points of public knowledge |
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When should attribution come within a quote?
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At the end of the first quoted sentence.
"I love cats," Joan said. "They are furry". |
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When does said come before the person's name?
said Joan... |
When there is additional information about the source
"I have experianced success with that simple procedure," said Bob Mortis,who is a physician in Colombus, GA. |
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In regular news stories you should not attribute to oftne. However, when should the story be dense with attribution even when it slows the story down?
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When it is news about an inflammatory, sensetive, or legal issue.
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What are the three variation of said that you can use?
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1. Told
2. According to 3. |
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Explain when you can use told?
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This is useful when the person is quoted is speaking in a public forum
"Read my lips, nop new taxes," President Bush told the nation last night. |
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When do you use said in a statement?
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This indecates the quoted matter was from a media release
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When do you use according to?
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Often used when there is no direct quotation or when material is being summarized.
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What do you do with a quote inside of a quote?
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Use single quote marks for internal quote
"The surgeon called it 'just a simple technique,'" he siad. |
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What is a lead?
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The first paragraph or two of a news story
It is also the bait or the lure of the story |
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What should the lead be?
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Clear and specific
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What are the two types of leads?
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1. Direct
2. Delayed/Blind |
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What is a direct lead?
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Tells the reader the most impratant aspect of the story at once
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What is a delayed lead?
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This entices teh reader into the story by hinting at its content
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What six basic questions do you ask yourself when writing a lead?
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Who?
What? Where? When? Why? How? |
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How long should the lead be?
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No more than 35 words
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Is this the way a lead should be written?
Hits from the most recent U2 album were preformed Wednesday. |
No, that is in passive voice. It should look like this
U2 preformed hits from their most recent album Wednesday. |
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Immediate Identification Lead
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Used with people of prominence
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When do you use a person's name in the lead?
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When they are a person of prominence and that is the ONLY time.
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Delayed identification/Blind lead
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Use when person or organization has little name recognition
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