New Vocabulary

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Four asian tigers

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The Four Asian Tigers, Four Little Dragons or Four Asian Dragons, are the economies of Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea and Taiwan, which underwent rapid industrialization and maintained exceptionally high growth rates (in excess of 7 percent a year) between the early 1960s (mid-1950s for Hong Kong) and 1990s.

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Tiananmen square massacre

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The Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, commonly known in China as the June Fourth Incident (六四事件), were student-led demonstrations in Beijing in 1989. More broadly, it refers to the popular national movement inspired by the Beijing protests during that period, sometimes referred to as the '89 Democracy Movement (八九民运).

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Devolution

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the transfer or delegation of power to a lower level, especially by central government to local or regional administration.synonyms: decentralization, delegation; Moreformaldescent or degeneration to a lower or worse state."the devolution of the gentlemanly ideal into a glorification of drunkenness"

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Ronald reagan

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Ronald Wilson Reagan was an American politician and actor who served as the 40th President of the United States from 1981 to 1989.

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Gorgachev

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Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev is a former Soviet statesman. He was the eighth and final leader of the Soviet Union, having been General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1985 until 1991, when the party was dissolved.

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Glasnost

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In the Russian language the word glasnost has several general and specific meanings. Its meaning "publicity" in the sense "the state of being open to public knowledge" has been used in Russian at least since the end of the 18th century.

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Perestroika

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Perestroika (Russian: перестро́йка; IPA: [pʲɪrʲɪˈstrojkə] ( listen)) was a political movement for reformation within the Communist Party of the Soviet Union during the 1980s, widely associated with Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev and his glasnost (meaning "openness") policy reform.

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Thatcherism

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the political and economic policies advocated by the former British Conservative prime minister Margaret Thatcher, particularly those involving the privatization of nationalized industries and trade union legislation."an outspoken critic of Thatcherism"

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Tony blair

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Anthony Charles Lynton Blair is a British politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1997 to 2007 and Leader of the Labour Party from 1994 to 2007.

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Yogoslavia

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Yugoslavia was a country in Southeast Europe during most of the 20th century. It came into existence after World War I in 1918 under the name of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes by the merger. Capital: Belgrade

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Bosnia

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Bosnia and Herzegovina is a country on the Balkan Peninsula in southeastern Europe. Its countryside is home to medieval villages, rivers and lakes, plus the craggy Dinaric Alps. National capital Sarajevo has a well preserved old quarter, Baščaršija, with landmarks like 16th-century Gazi…

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Rwanda

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Rwanda is a landlocked East African country with a green, mountainous landscape. Its renowned Volcanoes National Park is home to mountain gorillas and golden monkeys. The park encompasses 4,507m-tall Mt. Karisimbi and 4 other forested volcanoes. In the southwest is Nyungwe National…

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Cambodia

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Cambodia is a Southeast Asian nation whose landscape spans low-lying plains, the Mekong Delta, mountains and Gulf of Thailand coastline. Phnom Penh, its capital, is home to the art deco Central Market, glittering Royal Palace and the National Museum's historical and archaeological exhibits. In the country's…

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Kosovo

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Kosovo is a disputed territory and partially recognised state in Southeastern Europe that declared independence from Serbia in February 2008 as the Republic of Kosovo. Kosovo is landlocked in the central Balkan Peninsula.

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Weapons of mass destruction

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a chemical, biological or radioactive weapon capable of causing widespread death and destruction.

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George W. Bush

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George Walker Bush is an American politician who served as the 43rd President of the United States from 2001 to 2009. He was also the 46th Governor of Texas from 1995 to 2000.

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Bill Clinton

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William Jefferson Clinton is an American politician who served as the 42nd President of the United States from 1993 to 2001.

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NAFTA

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The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA; Spanish: Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte, TLCAN; French: Accord de libre-échange nord-américain, ALÉNA) is an agreement signed by Canada, Mexico, and the United States, creating a trilateral trade bloc in North America.

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Welfare state

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the health, happiness, and fortunes of a person or group."they don't give a damn about the welfare of their families"synonyms: well-being, health, comfort, security, safety, protection, prosperity, success, fortune; Morestatutory procedure or social effort designed to promote the basic physical and material well-being of people in need."the protection of rights to education, housing, and welfare"NORTH AMERICANfinancial support given to people in need.synonyms: social security, social assistance, benefit, public assistance; More

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Apartheid

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Apartheid (ZA pronunciation: /əˈpɑːrteɪd/; Afrikaans: [aˈpartɦəit]) was a system of institutionalised racial segregation and discrimination in South Africa between 1948 and 1991.

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Nelson mandela

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Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela was a South African anti-apartheid revolutionary, politician, and philanthropist, who served as President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999.

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Congolese conflict

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The Democratic Republic of Congo is slowly recovering from a conflict known as Africa's first world war, which led to the loss of some five million lives between 1994 and 2003, but many eastern areas are still plagued ...

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Hutu

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The Hutu /ˈhuːtuː/, also known as the Abahutu, are a Bantu ethnic group native to African Great Lakes region of Africa, primarily area now under Burundi and Rwanda. They mainly live in Rwanda, Burundi ...

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Tutsi

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The Tutsi, or Abatutsi, are a social class inhabiting the African Great Lakes region. A specific social order considered the highest of society status that also involved feudal or legal privileges within the Great Lakes region and beyond.

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Kleptocrav

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Kleptocracy (from Ancient Greek κλέπτης (kléptēs, “thief”), κλέπτω (kléptō, “steal”), from Proto-Indo-European *klep- (“to steal”); and from the Ancient Greek suffix -κρατία (-kratía), from κράτος (krátos, “power, rule”; klépto- thieves + -kratos rule, literally "rule by thieves") is a government with corrupt leaders ( ...

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New world order

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The New World Order or NWO is claimed to be an emerging clandestine totalitarian world government by various conspiracy theories.

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Internet

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The Internet is the global system of interconnected computer networks that use the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to link devices worldwide

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Soweto uprising

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The Soweto uprising was a series of protests led by black school children in South Africa that began on the morning of 16 June 1976.

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Bantustans

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A Bantustan (also known as Bantu homeland, black homeland, black state or simply homeland) was a territory set aside for black inhabitants of South Africa and South West Africa (now Namibia), as part of the policy of apartheid.

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Persian gulf war

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The Gulf War, codenamed Operation Desert Shield for operations leading to the buildup of troops and defense of Saudi Arabia and Operation Desert Storm in its combat phase, was a war waged by coalition ..

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Helsinki accords

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The Helsinki Final Act was an agreement signed by 35 nations that concluded the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe, held in Helsinki, Finland. The multifaceted Act addressed a range of prominent global issues and in so doing had a far-reaching effect on the Cold War and U.S.-Soviet relations.

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EEC

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The European Economic Community (EEC) was a regional organisation which aimed to bring about economic integration among its member states. It was created by the Treaty of Rome of 1957. Upon the ...

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EEU

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Eurasian Economic UnionThe Eurasian Economic Union is an economic union of states located primarily in northern Eurasia. A treaty aiming for the establishment of the EAEU was signed on 29 May 2014 by the leaders of Belarus, ..

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Chaebols

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(in South Korea) a large business conglomerate, typically a family-owned one.

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Corporation

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a company or group of people authorized to act as a single entity (legally a person) and recognized as such in law.synonyms: company, firm, business, concern, operation, house, organization, agency, trust, partnership; Morea group of people elected to govern a city, town, or borough.noun: municipal corporation; plural noun: municipal corporationsdatedhumorousa paunch.

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Tokyo stock exchange

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Jun 16, 2015 - Trade Name, Tokyo Stock Exchange, Inc. Location of Head Office, 2-1 Nihombashi Kabutocho, Chuo-ku Tokyo 103-8220 Japan Map (Tokyo). Tel, [phone]. Name and Title of ...Trade Name‎: ‎Tokyo Stock Exchange, Inc‎Name and Title of Representative‎: ‎Koichiro Miyahara‎Location of Head Office‎: ‎2-1 Nihombashi Kabutocho, Chuo-ku Tokyo 103-8220 Japa...‎Issued Shares‎: ‎2,300,000 shares‎

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Agglomerate

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verbəˈɡläməˌrāt/Submit1.collect or form into a mass or group."companies agglomerate multiple sites such as chains of stores"nounəˈɡlämərət/Submit1.a mass or collection of things."a multimedia agglomerate"adjectiveəˈɡlämərət/Submit1.collected or formed into a mass.

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Genicide

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the deliberate killing of a large group of people, especially those of a particular ethnic group or nation.synonyms: mass murder, mass homicide, massacre; More

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Deng xiaoping

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Deng Xiaoping was a Chinese revolutionary and statesman. He was the paramount leader of the People's Republic of China from 1978 until his retirement in 1989.

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African union

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The African Union is a continental union consisting of all 55 countries on the African continent. It was established on 26 May 2001 in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and launched on 9 July 2002 in South Africa, .

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Free trade

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international trade left to its natural course without tariffs, quotas, or other restrictions.

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Third world

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international trade left to its natural course without tariffs, quotas, or other restrictions.

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Maastricht

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The Maastricht Treaty (formally, the Treaty on European Union or TEU) undertaken to integrate Europe was signed on 7 February 1992 by the members of the European Community in Maastricht, Netherlands. On 9–10 December 1991, the same city hosted the European Council which drafted the treaty.

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ECLAC

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ECLAC's Executive Secretary participated in an event entitled Commitments and Roadmap Towards a 50-50 Planet by 2030, which was held on the sidelines of the first meeting of the Forum of the Countries of Latin ...

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1989 revolutions

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The Revolutions of 1989 were part of a revolutionary wave in the late 1980s and early 1990s that resulted in the end of communist rule in Central and Eastern Europe and beyond.

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Ethnic cleansing

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the mass expulsion or killing of members of an unwanted ethnic or religious group in a society.

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Refuge

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a condition of being safe or sheltered from pursuit, danger, or trouble."he was forced to take refuge in the French embassy"something providing shelter.plural noun: refuges"the family came to be seen as a refuge from a harsh world"synonyms: shelter, protection, safety, security, asylum, sanctuary; Morean institution providing safe accommodations for women who have suffered violence from a spouse or partner.