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66 Cards in this Set
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Vitally important Strongly |
When we want to have more emphasis on something we use this phrase |
It’s vitally important that we sign that contract Many locals are strongly opposed to the developments. The government’s proposals have been strongly criticized. |
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Terribly
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Very badly |
I slept terribly last night. They were terribly injured. |
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Widely |
Very vastly |
His plays are still widely performed in the US. This is a widely held but mistaken belief(hold belief=باور داشتن( This theory is no longer widely excepted. |
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Deluge |
A very heavy fall of rain or sth in a short period The storms brought a deluge SYN: downpour Today I have gotten a deluge bunch of emails. |
50,000 on evacuation() alert after deluge hits Sydney. |
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New normal |
New way of doing things that is different from the old way |
Working from home became the new normal because of (account of) the COVID-19 Sydney is flooded, again, as climate crisis Becomes new normal for Australian’s most populous state |
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Far from |
Not at all |
Schooling from home during Covid was far from ideal |
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Manipulate /məˈnɪpjəleɪt/ |
to make someone think and behave exactly as you want them to, by skilfully deceiving or influencing them |
He was one of those men who manipulated people. You have the constant feeling you are being manipulated |
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Explicit |
expressed in a way that is very clear and direct → implicit |
SWAT model is a complex, conceptual, hydrologic, semi-distributed model with specially explicit parameterization |
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Tendency |
if someone or something has a tendency to do or become a particular thing, they are likely to do or become it A tendency to do sth |
The runoff has decreased by 15 % in dry periods and shows an evidently decreasing tendency
Greg’s tendency to be critical made him unpopular with his co-workers. |
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Intercomparison |
To comparison two thing towards each other |
The world meteorological organization sponsored a few studies on inter-comparison of watershed hydrological models |
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Hypothetical(adj) Hypothesize(verb) Hypothesis(noun) Hypothetically(adv) |
based on a situation that is not real, but that might happen |
If you want to create a third additional sentences you should talk about the past and hypothetical consequences that it would have had. Past situation+ the hypothetical consequences If + past perfect, would have+ past participle
If I had worked harder, I would have gotten the promotion. |
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Criterion |
a standard that you use to judge something or make a decision about something Plural is criteria
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the criteria we use to select candidates criterion for the criteria for measuring how good schools are |
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Crowdfunding |
Getting the funding for new businesses that somebody stated usually through the internet |
Entrepreneurs often used huge of money to implement their state-ups, accordingly, they could make a campaign on the internet for gathering crowdfunding for their ideas. |
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Corrupt Corruption Corruptionist |
1) adj- using your power in a dishonest or illegal way in order to get an advantage for yourself OPP incorruptible SYN: dishonest 2) verb- to encourage someone to start behaving in an immoral or dishonest way |
1) Corrupt judges have taken millions of dollars in bribes. 2) Young prisoners are being corrupted by the older, long-term offenders (متخلف). |
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Beyond bearing |
Too painful, unpleasant To be accepted |
I had to go military service, when l went it was not beyond bearing. |
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Anxious |
worried about something |
The drought has made farmers anxious about the harvest. His mother always gets a bit anxious. I saw my sister’s anxious face. |
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Calm and collected |
To be out of stress |
She appeared calm and collected (متین، خوددار). |
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Delighted |
very pleased and happy delighted with/by/at delighted to do something Delighted that |
I was delighted by/at the news. I’m absolutely delighted that you can come. Aydin was delighted with his new house We would be delighted to come to dinner on Friday Akbar will be delighted to see you. |
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Disappointed |
To be upset and sad and sometimes meaning hopeless Disappointed in/with somebody Disappointed at/about something |
His parents were disappointed in/with him. We were deeply disappointed at/about the results. She was disappointed that they hadn’t phoned. |
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Jolly |
happy and enjoying yourself |
She had a jolly smile/manner. Everyone was in very relaxed and jolly mood. |
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Annoyed |
Upset, destroyed |
I was really annoyed by his indifference (بی توجهی). I was annoyed that you didin’t call me. |
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Bubbly Puzzled |
Being more energetic Being confused |
She has a bubbly personality. I was puzzled about what you said? I was puzzled as to (in relation to) what happened. |
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Displacement |
1) when a group of people or animals are forced to leave the place where they usually live 2) the weight or volume of liquid that something replaces when it floats in that liquid – used especially to describe how heavy something such as a ship is |
Historical Space-Time Drought Displacement Over North America What is relevant to the worker elites, however, is the fundamental change in the incidence of displacement. |
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Eternal |
continuing forever and having no end SYN: never-ending, permanent |
Eternal economic growth is necessary to keep improving people’s lives. She is an eternal optimist (she always expects that good thing will happen) |
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Mobility |
the ability to move easily from one job, area, or social class to another OPP immobility |
Upward social mobility It improves the strength and mobility of joints. |
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Both Either Neither |
Talk about two things Talk about on of things Talk about any of them |
Both tea and coffee contain caffeine. In the morning l drink either tea or coffee. Neither tea nor coffee contains alcohol |
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Raise Rise |
Raise need direct object after that [raised, raised] Rise doesn’t need direct obj [rose, risen] |
When I get shocked I raise my eyebrows or the government plans to raise taxes The sun rises at six a.m. |
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Burn-out |
If you have burn-out, your are exhausted from working too hard |
It’s a high-pressure job and you could burn out young. |
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Catastrophic (adj) Catastrophe(Noun) |
causing a lot of destruction, suffering, or death Extremely bad |
catastrophic floods The catastrophic hit-waves are occurred in the Europe |
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Primitive |
Way of past life Not modern Primitive animals= have simple structures or body Opp= modern, advanced |
a primitive nomadic tribe The first station buildings were quite primitive. primitive life-forms that live deep in the ocean |
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Riverbed |
Where the water flows on the ground at the bottom of a river → sea bed |
The entrepreneur made a million dollars out of Pet Rocks-rocks that you could find in any river bed. |
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Adverse |
Not good or favorable |
They fear it could have an adverse effect on global financial markets. Linking these droughts to adverse social outcomes is a lack off a uniform definition that identifies drought conditions |
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Holistic Holistically |
considering a person or thing as a whole, rather than as separate parts 2 → holistic medicine/treatment/healing etc |
This makes the USDM one of the most holistic measures for Evaluating past drought conditions across the US. a holistic approach to design |
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Consecutive Consecutively |
consecutive numbers or periods of time follow one after the other without any interruptions OPP non-consecutive |
In this study to USDM was used to define drought events as consecutive periods in time where the USDM status met or exceeded D1 conditions over the past 20 years. It had rained for four consecutive days. Can they win the title for the third consecutive season? |
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Unprecedented
Unprecedentedly(adv) Precede(verb) Preceding (adj) Precedent ( noun) |
never having happened before, or never having happened so much SYN: unusual,rare |
The satellite and reanalyze is precipitation products provide an unprecedented opportunity to overcome a disadvantage of rain gauge distributing specially discreetly He took the unprecedented step of stating that the rumours were false. |
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Sparse Sparsely |
existing only in small amounts Opposition: dense
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However, the gate network used in this study is sparse. his sparse brown hair rural areas with sparse populations |
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Substitute |
1) someone who does someone else’s job for a limited period of time, especially in a sports team or school, substitute for
2) to use something new or different instead of something else substitute something for something |
This paper substitutes this method with three different bias correction methods. substitute goalkeeper The coach has to find a substitute for Tim The recipe says you can substitute yoghurt for the sour cream. |
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Terrestrial |
1 relating to the Earth rather than to the Moon or other planets → extraterrestrial2 2 living on or relating to land rather than water 3 → terrestrial TV/broadcasting/channels etc( using radio waves not satellite) |
Snowfall affects terrestrial climate systems at high latitudes Such terrestrial plants could certainly cause harm the water quality. |
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Compatible |
if two pieces of computer equipment or software are compatible, they can be used together, especially when they are made by different companies → compatibility 2 able to exist or be used together without causing problems → compatibility OPP: Incompatible, incompatibility
compatible with 3 two people that are compatible are able to have a good relationship because they have similar opinions or interests → compatibility Register In everyday English, people often say that two people are (just) right for each other, because compatible sounds rather formal: |
Will the software on my PC be compatible with a Mac? Stephen’s political views often weren’t compatible with her own. On paper they seemed like the perfect couple, but maybe they just weren't right for each other. TDSI detected a moderate drought which is not compatible with recorded results of SPI |
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re‧trieve /rɪˈtriːv/ verb Retrieval (N) Retrievable(adj) Retriever (N) |
1 formal to find something and bring it back → recover retrieve something from something 2 technical to get back information that has been stored in the memory of a computer 3 → retrieve a situation SYN: compensate, refund, repay, recover |
She bent down to retrieve her earring. It took four days to retrieve all the bodies from the crash. The new version of the software automatically retrieves digital information. efficient information retrieval This study attempts to assess the validity of integrated multi-satellitE retrievals for global precipitation measurement (IMERG) products. |
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Exacerbate Aggravate Aggregate |
to make a bad situation, an illness, or an injury worse OPP: improve SYN: exacerbate 2 to make someone angry or annoyed SYN irritate, incite, provoke —aggravating adjective —aggravatingly adverb —aggravation /ˌæɡrəˈveɪʃən/ noun |
Their money problems were further aggravated by a rise in interest rates. Building the new road will only aggravate the situation. What really aggravates me is the way she won’t listen. |
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Heterogeneous |
consisting of parts or members that are very different from each other —heterogeneously adverb OPP: homogeneous, identical, Compatible SYN: dissimilar, composite |
Both antibodies are a largely heterogeneous family. Heterogeneous watersheds requires appropriate meteorological forcing data. |
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Mainstay |
the most important part of something, that makes it possible for it to be successful or to continue to exist mainstay of SYN: fundamental, pivotal, basic, substantial |
Cod fishing was the mainstay of the Newfoundland economy, accounting for 21% of all jobs. Where agriculture is the mainstay for rural societies. |
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Erratic |
something that is erratic does not follow any pattern or plan but happens in a way that is not regular —erratically /-kli/ adverb SYN: irrational, unrealistic, unreasonable OPP: rational, reasonable |
His breathing was becoming erratic. He always drives erratically his erratic behaviour Which is particularly erratic for regions located farthest south from the Equator |
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Decompose (verb) Decomposition (N) Compose (Verb) Composition (N) Composite (adj) |
to decay or make something decay or to divide into smaller parts, or to make something do this be composed of something to be formed from a number of substances, parts, or people SYN: consist of, make up
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Singular value decomposition based on correlation analysis of climate factors A partially (somehow) decomposed body Water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen. More than 17.6 million firms compose the business sector of our economy. |
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Indispensable |
someone or something that is indispensable is so important or useful that it is impossible to manage without them SYN: essential, crucial, necessary OPP: dispensable, unnecessary indispensable to indispensable for/in (doing) something |
This book is indispensable to anyone interested in space exploration. Meat is not indispensable for maintaining a healthy diet. Catchment-scale assessment of evapotranspiration becomes indispensable for evaluating agricultural drought hazard and irrigation water management. |
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Soar |
1 AMOUNTS/PRICES ETC : to increase quickly to a high level OPP plummet SYN increase 2 IN THE SKY a) to fly, especially very high up in the sky, floating on air currents |
Her temperature soared. The price of petrol has soared in recent weeks. Our waters have borne the burnt of global worming for decades, but dying corals, extreme weather and plummeting fish stocks are signs that it can handle no more. soaring unemployment She watched the dove soar above the chestnut trees. |
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Abundant Tremendous |
something that is abundant exists or is available in large quantities so that there is more than enough SYN: numerous, a lot of, huge, OPP scarce, sparse |
an abundant supply of fresh water abundant opportunities for well-qualified staff |
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Couldn’t be better Just keeping busy Just keeping myself busy Not so good Not very well |
Answers whenever you are asked to how are you? |
How’s it going? everything is good with you? I’m fine, thank you Couldn’t be better Just keeping myself busy |
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Astonishing (adj) Astonish(verb) Astonished Astonishment(noun) |
to surprise someone very much SYN amaze |
Her reply astonished me. It astonished him that she had change Nigerian people in the Sahara region has been making astonishing agricultural developments. |
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Excrement |
the solid waste material that you get rid of through your bowels |
Rotting food, excrement, broken glass had to be painstakingly (with many efforts) cleaned up later |
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Oscilation |
1) oscillations are frequent changes between two extreme amounts or limits oscillation in/of oscillation between 2) a regular movement of something from side to side |
oscillations in the value of the dollar oscillation between growth and decline Indian Monsoon weather system gets either wet or dry as to southern oscillations that comes from chile |
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(adjective) intrinsic (adverb) intrinsically |
being part of the nature or character of someone or something OPP extrinsic intrinsic nature/quality/value/property of something |
The intrinsic value of a gold coin is usually less than its nominal value. They indicated that the circulation and precipitation coupling is intrinsic to the tropics. the intrinsic interest of the subject There is nothing in the intrinsic nature of the work that makes it more suitable for women. |
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Repress (V) Repressible(adj) Irrepressible = energetic, uncontrollable Irrepressibly (adv)= uncontrollably
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to stop yourself from doing something you want to do to control a group of people by force SYN→ suppress, oppress |
Brenda repressed the urge to shout at him The police were widely criticized for their role in repressing the protest movement. His humor was irrepressible, he made everyone laugh. |
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Bow out
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Stop working after doing a job for a long time SYN: resign |
After a long time carrier at the company, he finally decided to bow out She’ll be bowing out of the tennis after the next tournament |
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1) Ignore 2) Ignorance Ignorant Ignorantly |
1) to deliberately pay no attention to something that you have been told or that you know about SYN: no take any notice of something=mostly used in everyday english instead of ignore 2) lack of knowledge or information about something |
You can’t ignore the fact that many criminals never go to prison. Excuse my ignorance! But how does it actually work? they think emojis are taking us back to the dark ages of illiteracy, when most people couldn't read or write. If someone refers to the dark ages, they mean a past time in history considered uncivilised, and characterised by ignorance. |
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1) Ignore 2) Ignorance Ignorant Ignorantly |
1) to deliberately pay no attention to something that you have been told or that you know about SYN: no take any notice of something=mostly used in everyday english instead of ignore 2) lack of knowledge or information about something |
You can’t ignore the fact that many criminals never go to prison. Excuse my ignorance! But how does it actually work? they think emojis are taking us back to the dark ages of illiteracy, when most people couldn't read or write. If someone refers to the dark ages, they mean a past time in history considered uncivilised, and characterised by ignorance. |
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stands to reason |
seems likely to be true or it make sence |
we're better able to express our emotional selves, and people therefore it stands to reason, if you use more emojis you're gonna get more dates! |
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1) Ignore 2) Ignorance Ignorant Ignorantly |
1) to deliberately pay no attention to something that you have been told or that you know about SYN: no take any notice of something=mostly used in everyday english instead of ignore 2) lack of knowledge or information about something |
You can’t ignore the fact that many criminals never go to prison. Excuse my ignorance! But how does it actually work? they think emojis are taking us back to the dark ages of illiteracy, when most people couldn't read or write. If someone refers to the dark ages, they mean a past time in history considered uncivilised, and characterised by ignorance. |
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1) Ignore 2) Ignorance Ignorant Ignorantly |
1) to deliberately pay no attention to something that you have been told or that you know about SYN: no take any notice of something=mostly used in everyday english instead of ignore 2) lack of knowledge or information about something |
You can’t ignore the fact that many criminals never go to prison. Excuse my ignorance! But how does it actually work? they think emojis are taking us back to the dark ages of illiteracy, when most people couldn't read or write. If someone refers to the dark ages, they mean a past time in history considered uncivilised, and characterised by ignorance. |
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stands to reason |
seems likely to be true or it make sence |
we're better able to express our emotional selves, and people therefore it stands to reason, if you use more emojis you're gonna get more dates! |
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Lucky in love The grammar police jaundiced view of sth |
have more success in terms of dating a slang term referring to people who want to see formal language and grammar see the negative side of sth because of their own ideas and experiences |
According to Professor Evans, the grammar police have a jaundiced view of emojis - they only see the negative side of them because of their own ideas and experiences. that the people that use more emojis tend to be lucky in love, they have more success in terms of dating. |
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Perturb(V) Perturbed (Adj) Perturbation (N) |
Verb (with object): To make (someone) anxious or unsettled worried about something that has happened or will happen~~ perturbed by/at/about a small change in the movement, quality, or behavior of something climatic perturbations |
They perturbed by his adverse behavior They are perturbing social order with their lies and negative propaganda. He didn’t seem perturbed by the noises outside. |
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Get to the bottom of sth |
Discover the truth about a situation Find out the cause of a particular situation Likely used for a negative and a serious situation such as : crime, disease, fault |
DNA evidence helped police get to the bottom of the case |
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Constellation |
A group of stars in the space called :صورت فلکی Also a group of related things |
There is a constellation of reasons for global price rises. |
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Constellation |
A group of stars in that form a pattern such as Orion, plough Also means a group of related things |
There is a constellation of reasons for global price rises. |
