New Testament Midterm

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Old testament promises

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Genesis 12:1-3: bless all Nations

2 Samuel 7: son of David

Daniel 7: son of man

Jeremiah 31: second Exodus

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722 BCE

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Samaritans claimed they were the true Israel from lost tribe taken into Assyrian captivity

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586 BCE

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Jerusalem destroyed by King Nebuchadnezzar

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70 CE

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Second Temple period

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Second Temple period

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Roman empire ruled. General Pompey annexed the Jewish state and Palestine was under Roman rule

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Antiochus IV Epiphanes

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Hellenistic King from 175 BC to 164 BC. Ruled Seclucid empire

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Hasmonean dynasty

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Dynasty lasted from 167 to 37 BCE. They fought to preserve the integrity of Judiasm against encroaching Hellenism

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Maccabees

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Family name of Jews who revolted against Antiochus IV Epiphanes

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New testament books

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27 books

MatthewMarkLukeJohnActs of the ApostlesRomans1 Corinthians2 CorinthiansGalatiansEphesiansPhilippiansColossians1 Thessalonians2 Thessalonian

1 Timothy2 TimothyTitusPhilemonHebrewsJames1 Peter2 Peter1 John2 John3 JohnJudeRevelation

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Language of new testament

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Greek

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4 divisions of the New testament

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Gospels

Acts

Epistles

Revelation

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Septuagint/ LXX

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Greek translation of the old testament produced in the last three centuries BCE and quoted by all new testament authors

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Gospels

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Narratives of Jesus life and death

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Acts

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Narrative of the expansion of the church

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Epistles

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Letters of Paul to churches, letters of Paul to individuals, anonymous letters to Hebrews, letters named after their author

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Revelation

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Ancient apocalypse

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The gospel

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Central proclamation of life, death, and Resurrection of Jesus as the fulfillment of the story of Israel, literally good news

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Evangelist

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Term used in New testament studies for the author of one of the four Gospels

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Synoptic gospels

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Matthew, Mark, and Luke.

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Markan priority

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Theory that Mark's gospel was written first and was later used by both Matthew and Luke in the composition of the gospels

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Griesbach hypothesis

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Minority solution to the synoptic puzzle, suggesting that Matthew was written first, Luke used Matthew, and Mark used both Matthew and Luke. Eliminating Q source

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Two-source hypothesis

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Dominant proposal that offers a solution to the synoptic puzzle. Mark was written first, Matthew and Mark each made use of a copy of Mark and also each made use of a now lost Q source

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Oral gospel

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Material passed on by word of mouth

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Triple tradition

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Extensive material are the paricope shared between Matthew and luke but absent in Mark

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Double tradition

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Matthew and Luke independently used two sources. Mark used another hypothetical source

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Pericope

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A set of verses that forms one coherent thought or unit

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Source criticism

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Attempt to discover the sources used by an author when he constructed a text

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Form criticism

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Study and classification of the literary patterns and typical features of text (for example: controversy stories, miracle stories) often with the aim of gaining an insight into the context which shaped them

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Redaction criticism

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The study of the way in which Gospel writers redacted (edited) their source material

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Narrative criticism

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Interprets new testament narratives as literary texts using categories that are applied in interpreting all other forms of literature

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Logos

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Refers to truth or reason in Greek philosophy, John uses the term " the word" to refer to eternal Divine being who takes on flesh

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John the Baptist

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A prophet who called God's people to repent and who baptized Jesus and others in the Jordan Rivers to prepare them for the in breaking of God's kingdom

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Herod the great

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Ruled Palestine from 37 to 4 BCE though he was disliked by many Jews because of his collaboration with Rome and his questionable Jewish heritage, upon hearing of Jesus birth he ordered all babies around Bethlehem to be killed

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Pharisees

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Were a prominent Jewish sect generally associated with synagogues, they believed in Resurrection from the dead, followed both the oral and written law and were concerned with ritual purity

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Sadducees

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Were a powerful Jewish sect centered around the Temple and the priesthood, they did not believe in Resurrection and rejected the oral law

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Samaritans

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Were descendents of the Jewish tribes taken captive by the Assyrians, they viewed themselves as the true Israel and had a Temple at Mt gerizim that rivaled the Temple in Jerusalem

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Gentiles

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Are non Jewish people

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Simon/ Peter

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Was the head of Jesus twelve disciples and is known for his confession of Jesus as Messiah, his denial of Jesus, and his leadership in the early church

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Saul/ Paul

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Was a strict Pharisee who encountered Jesus on the road to Damascus and became an apostle to the gentiles, he planted and nurtured churches across the Roman empire and wrote many of the Epistles in the new testament

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James

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Brother of Jesus and leader of the church in Jerusalem

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Kingdom of God/ heaven

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Is the rule or reign of God anticipated by the Jews and inaugurated in Jesus ministry, death, and Resurrection, though already present, it will not come in it's fullness until Jesus second coming

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Parable

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Saying or story often drawn from everyday life, intended to provoke thought

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Son of God

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Term used primarily for Kings in Judiasm and emphasized the king's special relationship with God and his authority

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Son of man

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Term Jesus used for himself in the gospels

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Healings

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Vital part of Jesus ministry as they were a sign of the restoration that is to come in the kingdom

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Farrer theory

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Minority solution to synoptic puzzle that does away with any need to posit a Q source, Mark was written first, Matthew used Mark as a source and Luke used both

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Jesus 3 temptation trials

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Stone into bread

Jump from Pinnacle

Worship Satan

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Beatitudes

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Blessings offered by Jesus in Matthew 5:3-12 and Luke 6:20-23/ any statement of Divine blessing

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Apostle

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One who is sent. Certain leaders among the earliest followers of Jesus

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Disciple

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One who learns. Used for anyone who followed Jesus

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Messiah

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Aramaic word meaning anointed one

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Mark 8:27-9:1

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Peter declared Jesus is the Messiah

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Synagogue

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Place where Jews gathered for worship, prayer and reading scripture

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Pentecost

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Jewish harvest festival that follows Passover,

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Jerusalem council

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Meeting of early Christian leaders

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Jesus conviction

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Sanhedrin convicts him of blasphemy

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Crucifixion

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Rome's way of showing power and example