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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Proofs for inerrancy of Bible
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1) Philosophical proof – error is incompatible with the nature of God
2) Historical proof – Vatican II concluded that the Bible is without error (follows Traditional teaching of the Church) 3) Theological proof – Dei Verbaum teaches the Bible is without error and it cites 5 sources that were “heavy hitters” in Church tradition that back up inerrancy of the Bible (Aquinas, Augustine, Trent, etc.) |
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2 Tim 3:16-17
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foundation for biblical inspiration
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inerrancy of scripture applies to...
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original copies of scripture; we don’t have any of those anymore
-translation errors still exist |
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Christological Analogy between Jesus Christ and the Bible
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Jesus: Bible:
1. word of God 1. word of God 2. in human nature 2.in human language 3. without sin 3. without error |
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-Jesus became man like us in all things but sin
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Bible is the Word of God in human language and like human language except that it is without error
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Divine Condescension
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God “came down” to our level in order to raise us up to His
-God accommodates his language to human language -God stoops down…condescends to our level -Example – Incarnation (when God became man) -Bible is also an example of Divine condescension |
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the Bible is very authoritative…why?
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-because it is divinely inspired
-only the Bible can rightly claim to have God as its author -directly authored by God |
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Literal Sense of Scripture
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a.The meaning of the words as intended by the human author
-Not literalistically interpreted (fundamentalism) -Its what the author meant; not the literal translation of the words -Take into account expressions, symbolic language, and other uses of human language Ex. “it was raining cats and dogs” = means it was raining hard not raining literally cats and dogs b. Most foundational and most important sense of scripture c.God intends the meaning of the literal sense as well d.Human author also intends what is being taught = literal sense |
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Spiritual Senses
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The meaning of the words as intended by God but unknown to the human author
1. Allegorical Sense 2. Moral Sense 3. Anagogical Sense |
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Allegorical Sense of Scripture
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how the meaning of the passage is interpreted in the light of Christ and the Church. (sacraments, Mary, etc.)
1. Typology – study of types: real person, place, thing, or event in the OT that foreshadows something greater in the NT. |
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Moral Sense of Scripture
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how we are to live in the life of Christ
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Anagogical Sense of Scripture
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how a passage points towards fulfillment in heaven
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Senses of Scripture played out in the great flood
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Literal: there really was a flood that God sent to destroy evil
Allegorical: God sends water that destroys the wicked and principle deliverance of the just. Baptism; water purifies our filth (Original Sin) and we are given new life in Christ. Moral: There were people who were destroyed because they lived in wickedness. We are called to live in holiness. Water is a sign of cleanliness. Anagogical: Through the righteousness of Noah his whole family is saved. Through Jesus we are all saved. The boat is delivered and given a new creation. We are called to heaven; a new creation with a life with Christ. |
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1st Criteria for Biblical Interpretation
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1.The Bible must be interpreted according the content and unity of the whole Scripture (canonical approach)
a.Immediate context - verses immediately before or after it -One part of the Bible cannot contradict another part of the Bible b.Proximate context - chapters/books before and after it -Often later passages clarify earlier ones (ex. NT clarifies OT) c.Remote context - Bible as a whole -All of the Bible is inspired; it follows we must read Scripture as a whole |
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2nd Criteria for Biblical INterpretation
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2. Scripture must also be read within the living tradition of the Church
a. Human Tradition – tradition created by humans; human people can change it b. Sacred Tradition – passed down teachings of Jesus Christ -from Jesus to the apostles passed down through apostolic succession -God is the origin; teacher of it; therefore we cannot change it -Sacred Tradition and Sacred Scripture to be of equal importance -what matters is not the mode of communication but the content of communication…doesn’t matter if it’s the word of God in written form (scripture) or the word of God in verbal translation passed down (tradition). Because it’s the word of God it’s enough. Doesn’t matter how it comes about. -Here we ask what has Church tradition said about Scripture -4 gospels were first preached before written down -originally they were part of the living tradition -not everything preached made its way to the gospels |
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3rd Criteria for Biblical INterpretation
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Analogy of faith
-there is an inner unity to all truth (taught by same Holy Spirit) -the same truth taught in scripture is the same truth taught in the liturgy, same truth taught by the popes, etc. -not possible for an authentic interpretation of Scripture to contradict a teaching of the Church’s magisterium -gift of the Holy Spirit is entrusted to the Church not private individuals -Church is both mother and teacher (loves her children and wants to teach them the truth) |
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Relationship between the Old and New Testaments
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1. New Testament recognizes the authority of the Old Testament
-in many places in the NT its simply enough for Jesus to quote Moses, David, Solomon, etc. -Jesus makes use of OT authority 2. New Testament is in conformity with the Old Testament -the NT is already presupposing that you have a basic adequate understanding of Old Testament people, events, themes, etc. -Old Testament is still needed! 3. The New Testament fulfills the Old Testament -there are some people who think that because Jesus has come that the OT is revoked -Augustine: “The New Testament is hidden in the Old Testament and the Old Testament is revealed in the New Testament.” -spiritual senses; in a real way Jesus Christ is found on every page in the Old Testament -the whole OT prepares the way and announces the way for Jesus -even when the OT was being written; God inspired them in such a way that the NT was veiled in them |
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Formation of the Gospels: 3 stages
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1. Life and Teachings of Jesus
2. Apostolic preaching (commission given at Pentecost) a. Now going to preach about Jesus to all the nations b. After Jesus rose from the dead Jesus taught them combined with the gift of the Holy Spirit the apostles received 3. Written Gospels (Gospels were written by the evangelists a. Wrote down important parts…but not all |
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Historicity of the Gospels
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Dei Verbaum 19 – The 4 gospels are true historic accounts of Jesus Christ
-not mythic or embellished to make Jesus seem more divine -nothing added to them -they tell the truth about who Jesus is and what He did -you have to put the gospels together to understand them all; but they are for different perspectives of the same truths; they write down what they perceive to be important -tree falling example with biology, mechanic, and watcher people in class |
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Augustinian Hypothesis
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the order of the Gospels = Matthew, Mark, Luke
*-order we have in our canon is the same order in which they were written -this theory has remained in force for 1800 years -prevalent hypothesis |
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Griesbach Hypothesis
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order of Gospels = Matthew, Luke, Mark
-has some support in the Tradition -some writers in Tradition say this -but for theological purposes the order in the canon was set the way it is -today very few people agree with this (probably least supported today) |
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Farrer Hypothesis
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: order of Gospels = Mark, Matthew, Luke
-Mark came first -Matthew drew upon Mark -Luke borrowed Matthews |
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Marcan Priority:
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order of Gospels = Mark came first
-accepted by most biblical scholars -1. Mark’s gospel is the shortest and therefore it must be the original gospel -assumption: shorter and more primitive must come before longer and more complex -2. It would be scandalous to think that Mark had another Gospel in front of him and he chose to take stuff out; the other gospels, Luke and Matthew, expanded on Mark’s -3. How do we explain literary agreements shared by the Synoptic Gospels? a) Mark wrote first -Luke borrowed from Mark; Matthew borrowed from Mark -Matthew and Luke independently borrow from Mark -if all three Gospels have same thing then they all took it from Mark Passages found in Matthew and Luke but not found in Mark? b) “Q” = hypothetical document that contains material common to Luke and Matthew but not found in Mark (“Quelle” = source) Dating? c) Matthew and Luke are dated post 70 A.D. ; Mark was definitely written before 70 A.D. |
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Response to Marcan Priority
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1. Yes, Mark is the shortest gospel, but in many cases the accounts that are shared are most fully developed in Mark (most complex – argues against primitive theory above)
-Mark would have had to come after Matthew according to that theory 2. Assumption that less complex comes before most complex is unfounded -true in biology but no principle in literature says this 3. It would be scandalous if Mark had before him longer gospels and cut them down -what did that other evangelist do? If Matthew had Mark’s gospel in front of him well then it appears that he cut Mark’s short a little too – wouldn’t that be scandalous -if everything Jesus did was written down the world could not contain the books of all the accounts -none of the gospels had everything -evangelist selected what things were more important than others according to the audience they were writing too 4. There is no historical, theological, or literary evidence that the Q document existed -it was invented to support |
