New Gcse Biology Topic 1

Front 1

Acrosome

Back 1

An organelle at the tip of a sperm cell which has digestive enzymes to break through the first layers of the egg

Front 2

Active Site

Back 2

The place in the enzyme in which the reaction takes place

The active site is specific to its substrate and can do infinite reactions

Front 3

Active Transport

Back 3

The movement of molecules from an area of low concentration to a high concentration with the assistance of enzymes

Front 4

Adaptations

Back 4

Something that changes for a use or purpose

Front 5

Benedict's Solution

Back 5

The solution used in the test for reducing sugars aka the Benedict's test

Front 6

Biological Catalyst

Back 6

A catalyst can speed up a reaction an infinite number of times

Front 7

Biuret Test

Back 7

The test for proteins

Front 8

Calorimeter

Back 8

An apparatus used for measuring the amount of heat involved in a chemical reaction

Front 9

Cell Membrane

Back 9

An area on the edge of the cell that controls what goes in and out of the cell

Front 10

Cell Sap

Back 10

The solution that fills the vacuoles of plant cells. It contains sugars and amino acids

Front 11

Chemical Reagents

Back 11

A substance added to another substance to cause a chemical reaction

Front 12

Chlorophyll

Back 12

A green pigment which absorbs light for photosynthesis

Front 13

Chloroplast

Back 13

An organelle in a green plant cell which contains chlorophyll and in which photosynthesis takes place

Front 14

Chromosomal DNA

Back 14

DNA found in eukaryotic cells that contains key genetic information

Front 15

Cilia

Back 15

A short microscopic structure that has hairs and is used in the body of lots of mammals.

Front 16

Ciliated Epithelial Cell

Back 16

The contain cilia to move mucus away and goblet cells which produce mucus. They are found in the lungs

Front 17

Concentration Gradient

Back 17

The process of particles moving from an area of high concentration of particles to a low concentration of particles

Front 18

Cytoplasm

Back 18

the material living within a cell, excluding the nucleus

Front 19

Denatured

Back 19

The process of modifying the molecular structure of a protein. If an active site in an enzyme becomes denatured then the enzyme cannot work as the active site is specific to its substrate

Front 20

Diffusion

Back 20

The process of particles moving from an area of high concentration of particles to a low concentration of particles

Front 21

Digestion

Back 21

Th process in which food can be broken down into simple chemical compounds by the body

Front 22

Diploid

Back 22

A cell containing 2 complete sets of chromosomes. In a human they contain 46

Front 23

Egg Cell

Back 23

The female gamete and a haploid. It has adapted by hardening its outer layers after the sperm cell breaks through it to stop any other sperm cells fertilizing it

Front 24

Electron Microscope

Back 24

A microscope that can see really small things by using reflecting light. It has helped us look closely into organelles and how they work

Front 25

Embryo

Back 25

An unborn or unhatched offspring in the process of development

Front 26

Emulsion

Back 26

2 liquids that don't mix create and emulsion such as oil and vinegar

Front 27

Enzymes

Back 27

A biological catalyst that has an active site and helps break down nutrients such as amylase or lipases

Front 28

Ethanol

Back 28

A chemical that is used in the ethanol emulsion test to test for lipids

Front 29

Eukaryotic

Back 29

An cell which doesn't contain a nucleus

Front 30

Eyepiece Lens

Back 30

A lens of a microscope that the eye looks through and it is at the top of the microscope

Front 31

Fertilisation

Back 31

The process in which the sperm fertilises the egg and they turn into a zygote

Front 32

Field Of View

Back 32

The area which you can see through the lens of a microscope

Front 33

Flagellum

Back 33

The tail on eukaryotic cells which moves in a circular motion to move them forward but the sperm cell also has a flagellum which helps it swim to the egg cell

Front 34

Gametes

Back 34

A male or female sex cell that is used in reproduction and is haploid

Front 35

Haploid

Back 35

A cell which carries half of the genetic material needed. For example in human sperm cells they carry 23 chromosome instead of 46

Front 36

Iodine Solution

Back 36

The substance used to test for starch in the Iodine test

Front 37

Light Microscope

Back 37

A type of microscope that uses visible light and a magnifying lens to look close up on small objects such as cells

Front 38

Lipids

Back 38

An organic compound that is made up of fatty acids such as fat

Front 39

Lock And Key Model

Back 39

The representation of an enzyme in which the enzyme is the lock and the substrate is the key and the enzyme will only speed up the reaction if the substrate is specific to the enzyme as the active site is specific

Front 40

Magnification

Back 40

Making something look bigger than it is by magnifying it. Using a microscope is using magnification

Front 41

Micrograph

Back 41

A photograph taken by the means of a microscope

Front 42

Micrometre

Back 42

A measurement which is used to measure cells. It is 1,000 times smaller than a millimeter and 1,000,000 times smaller than a metre. How to get from micrometres to millimetres you divide by 1,000 to get a millimetre

Front 43

Microvilli

Back 43

They are small hairs on villi cells that absorb nutrients.

Front 44

Millimetre

Back 44

A measurement that is 1,000 times smaller than a metre and 1,000 times bigger than a micrometre. Times by 1,000 to get a micrometre

Front 45

Mitochondria

Back 45

They are used for anaerobic respiration and release energy for the cell to use

Front 46

Monomer

Back 46

A molecule that can be bonded to other identical molecules to form a polymer such as glucose

Front 47

Nanometre

Back 47

A measurement used to measure organelles that is 1,000 times smaller than a micrometre and 1,000,000 times smaller than a millimetre. To get to millimetres Divide by 1,000,000

Front 48

Nucleus

Back 48

An organelle found in prokaryotic cells that contains DNA and is surrounded by a membrane

Front 49

Objective Lens

Back 49

This is the lens at the bottom of the microscope and most microscopes have more than on lens to adjust the zoom

Front 50

Optimum

Back 50

The best conditions for an organism to live such as an enzyme in the stomach has an optimum pH of 2

Front 51

Organelle

Back 51

A cellular structure that performs specific functions within a cell

Front 52

Osmosis

Back 52

When molecules of a solvent pass through a partially permeable membrane to an area with a lower concentration whilst in water

Front 53

Oviduct

Back 53

The tube which an egg passes through from the ovary to the uterus

Front 54

Partially permeable

Back 54

A membrane which allows small particles through it but not large particles

Front 55

Passive

Back 55

The cellular process of moving molecules across membranes. Passive transport

Front 56

Picometre

Back 56

A measurement which has