New Athletic Training Terms

Front 1

Two primary rehabilitative goals in sports medicine.

Back 1

1) prevention of injuries
2) safe return of an injury to the previous level of competition

Front 2

Rehabilitation approach (5)

Back 2

1) ROM
2) flexibility
3) strength
4) functional training
5) reconditioning

Front 3

ROM is influenced by...(5)

Back 3

1) body congruence
2) joint capsule
3) ligamentous structure
4) muscles
5) tendons

Front 4

Passive ROM

Back 4

ATC moves an athletes body through the ROM and the athlete relaxes and produces no muscle contraction

Front 5

Active assisted ROM

Back 5

ATC and athlete move body through ROM together

Front 6

Active ROM

Back 6

When an athlete can move through an entire ROM without assistance

Front 7

Flexibility

Back 7

refers to the ability to lengthen tissue that has been shortened
- the ability to move through the full ROM without restriction

Front 8

Three types of stretching

Back 8

1) static
2) ballistic
3) dynamic

Front 9

Static stretching:
What is it and general guidelines

Back 9

- slow, isolated stretch

- athlete should be relaxed, position must be entered slowly, stretch should produce a comfortable sensation, should last 20-30 seconds

Front 10

Ballistic stretching

Back 10

- when a specified muscle is isolated and quickly stretched and relaxed repetitively
- uses momentum of movement to force limb beyond normal range
- not recommended

Front 11

Dynamic Stretching

Back 11

- involves moving body and gradually increasing speed, reach, or both
- consits of controlled swings that takes limb to full ROM

Front 12

Factors that limit flexibility (7)

Back 12

1) body structures
2) tissue approximation
3) excessive fat
4) muscle and tendon lengths
5) connective tissue
6) scarring and contractures
7) skin

Front 13

Proprioception

Back 13

body's ability to get info to the brain in response to a stimulus
- without proper proprioception, the body won't be able to get the right muscles to fire at the correct time

Front 14

Kinesthetic Awareness

Back 14

body's ability to sense the position of its limbs at any moment

Front 15

Areas of resistance training (3)

Back 15

1) muscular strength
2) muscular power
3) muscular endurance

Front 16

Muscular strength

Back 16

the ability of the muscle to generate force at a given velocity

Front 17

Muscular power

Back 17

the product of force and velocity and represents the amount of work a muscle can produce per unit of time

Front 18

Muscular endurance

Back 18

the ability of a skeletal muscle or group of muscles to continue contracting over a long period

Front 19

Methods of strengthening muscles (3)

Back 19

1) isometric
2) isotonic
3) isokinetic

Front 20

Isometric

Back 20

muscular contraction without associated movement of the joint or limb on which the muscle is set

Front 21

When to use isometric: (3)

Back 21

1) early stages of rehab
2) when the force that a muscle produces isn't enough on it's own
3) athletes who cannot perform isotonic exercises

Front 22

Isotonic

(concentric contraction)
(eccentric contraction)

Back 22

muscle length shortens and extends and a joint moves through a range of motion against a constant resistance

concentric: when a muscle shortens
eccentric: when a muscle lengthens

Ex: barbell, dumbells, etc.

Front 23

Isokinetic

Back 23

equipment provides an equivalent resistance the entire time
- provide muscular overload at a constant preset speed

Ex: cybex

Front 24

Manual Resistance

Back 24

effective for strengthening in rehab
- requires no equipment

Front 25

Variable Resistance

Back 25

- machine that matches the resistance to the strength of the muscles throughout the entire ROM

Ex: bicep curl machine

Front 26

Open Kinetic Chain Exercise

Back 26

when foot or hand are not in contact with the ground or supporting surface. The distal end of the extremity is freely moving

Front 27

Closed Kinetic Exercise
*more widely used

Back 27

when foot or hand are in contact with the ground or supporting surface

Front 28

Functional Training

Back 28

comprehensive training approach on sound scientific principles

Front 29

Sport specific function

Back 29

rehab program is not complete until the athlete is fully prepared to meet the demands of their sport

Front 30

Mechanism:
- Valgus force
- elbow hyperextension
Clinical Presentation:
- pain on active/resistive movement
- pain along medial aspect of elbow
- loss of function
- inability to grasp things
Treatment:
- ice
- 90 flexed sling
- modify activity after gaining full ROM
Risk factors:
- year round throwing
- seasonal overuse
- early breaking pitches

Back 30

Ulnar Collateral Ligament Sprain

Front 31

Mechanism:
- repetitive microtrauma to insertion of extensor muscles of lateral epicondyle
- backhand stroke in tennis or golf
Clinical Presentation:
- aching pain in region of lateral epicodyle
- pain worsens and weakness in wrist and hand develop
- pain with resistive wrist extension
Treatment:
- rest
- ice
- elbow strap
- anti-inflammatory meds

Back 31

Lateral Epicondylitis (Tennis Elbow)

Front 32

Mechanism:
- overuse
- sudden vigrous supintating movement
- repeated forceful flexion of the wrist
- throwing a curve ball
Clinical Presentation:
- point tenderness of the medial epicondyle
- swelling
- pain produced with forceful flexion or extension
- passive movement = no pain, active movement = pain
Treatment:
- rest
- ice
- stretching

Back 32

Medial Epicondylitis (Little League Elbow)

Front 33

Mechanism:
- direct trauma from fall
- acute or chronic
Clinical Presentation:
- pain
- swelling of the olcranon
- loss of function
- possible redness
- possible warmth
Treatment:
- ice
- compression
- protective padding

Back 33

Olecranon Bursitis

Front 34

Mechanism:
- direct trauma
Clinical Presentation:
- pain
- loss of function
- numbness or tingling down 4th/5th finger
Treatment:
- ice
- refer to neurologist

Back 34

Ulnar Nerve Contusion
"Funny Bone"

Front 35

Mechanism:
- fall on outstretched hand with elbow extended
- severe twist while flexed
Clinical Presentation:
- severe pain
- loss of function
- marked deformity
- swelling
Treatment:
- immobilize
- reduce
- all active ROM during rehab

Back 35

Elbow dislocation

Front 36

Mechanism:
- fall on flexed elbow or from a direct blow
- fracture can occur in 1+ bones
Clinical Presentation:
- swelling
- muscle spasm
- hemorrhaging
Treatment:
- ice
- sling
- doctor

Back 36

Elbow fracture

Front 37

Mechanism:
- common in youth- due to falls and direct blows
Clinical Presentation:
- audible crack or pop
- moderate to severe pain
- swelling
- ecchymosis
- possible crepitus
Treatment:
- ice
- immobolize
- possible surgical intervention

Back 37

Forearm Fracture

Front 38

Mechanism:
- occurs in lower end of radius or ulna
- fall on outstretched hand, forcing radius and ulna into hyperextension
Clinical Presentation:
- forward displacement of radius causing visible deformity
- extensive bleeding/swelling
- tendons may be torn/avulsed
Treatment:
- ice
- splint wrist
- can keep an athlete out for 1-2 months

Back 38

Colles' Fracture

Front 39

Mechanism:
- overuse
- falling on hyperextended wrist, violent flexion or torsion
Clinical Presentation:
- active movement/stress of joint = pain
- point tenderness over ligaments
- difficulty with movement
Treatment:
- ice
- tape
- orthopedist

Back 39

Wrist Sprain