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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cholinergic
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Cells that produce and release ACh
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Noradrenergic
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Neurons that use the amine neurotransmitter NE
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Glutamatergic
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Synapses that use Glutamate
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GABAergic
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Synapses that use GABA
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Peptidergic
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Synapses that use peptides
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Immunocytochemistry
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Method used to anatomically localize particular molecules to particular cells.
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In Situ Hybridization
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Method that is useful for confirming that a cell synthesizes a particular protein or peptide. Probes labeled radioactive
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Autoradiography
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Viewing the distribution of radiation from in situ hybridization
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Microionphoresis
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To assess the postynaptic actions of a transmitter candidate. Dissolved in solution to give ion electrical charge.
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Receptor subtype
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Each of the different receptors a neurotransmitter binds to
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Nicotinic ACh receptors
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ACH receptors given name of their agonists.. Nicotinic in skeletal muscles.
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Muscarinic ACh receptors
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ACh receptors in the heart (agonist)
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Glutamate receptors
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AMPA, NMDA, Kainate
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Ligand-binding method
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The technique of studying receptors using radioactively labeled ligands
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Dale's principle
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The idea that a neuron has only one neurotransmitter. However, some neurons have co-transmitters
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Acetylcholine
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ACh. The neurotransmitter at the neuromuscular junction and is therefore synthesized by all the motor neurons in the spinal cord and brain stem.
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Choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)
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An enzyme that induces ACh synthesis. Manufactured in the soma and transported to teh axon terminal.
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Rate-limiting step
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Because the availability of choline limits how much ACh can be synthesized in the axon, the transport of choline into the neuron = rate-limiting step.
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Cetecholamines
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Neurotransmitters who have the amino acid tyrosine as their precursor
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Catecholamine neurotransmitters
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Dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine
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Endocannabinoids
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Small lipid molecules. Released from postsynaptic neurons and act on presynaptic neurons and act on presynaptic terminals. Example of retrograde signaling (backwards)
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Retrograde messengers
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E.g. endocannabinoids.
Serve as a feedback system to regulate the conventional forms of synaptic transmission which of course go from pre to post. |
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Nitric Oxide (NO)
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Possibly used for intercellular communication
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Second messenger cascades
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The whole process that couples the neurotransmitter, via multiple steps, to activation of a downstream enzyme
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