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8 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Brain changes with normal aging include:
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-Cerebral ventricles expand
-Regional volume reduction not uniform (prefrontal cortex more affected than other cortical regions) -White matter hyperintensities -deficient myelin -gliosis -reduction in cerebral perfusion |
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Neuron structure and function changes with normal aging include:
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-Decreased size
-Decreased dendritic branching and spines -Decreased neurogenesis -Presynaptic terminals/length postsynaptic membrane reduced -Late stage LTP deficits |
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LTP
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Long term potentiation (LTP) is a long-lasting enhancement in signal transduction between 2 neurons from stimulating them at the same time.
Memories are thought to be encoded by modification of the strength of the synaptic connection therefore LTP is considered a major cellular mechanism that underlies learning and memory. |
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Dopamine changes with normal aging
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-Reductions in dopamine D1 and D2 receptors
-Reductions in dopamine transporters -Reduction in dopamine synthesis, notably in the striatum |
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Serotonin changes with normal aging
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-Lowered levels of serotonin receptors
(striatum, frontal cortex, hippocampus) -Lowered levels of serotonin transporters (thalamus and midbrain) |
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Glutamate changes with normal aging
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-Lower levels
(motor cortex, parietal gray matter, frontal white matter, basal ganglia) |
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Korsakoff syndrome
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-disorder caused by lack of thiamine (vitamin B1) in the brain
-linked to chronic alcohol abuse -Confabulation: invented memories which are then taken as true due to gaps in memory -Shrunken and diseased thalamus and mamillary bodies -Damage to prefronal cortex |
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Lewy Body dementia
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-Associated with Parkinson's disease
-Patients have: ------changing cognitive abilities (variations in attention and alertness) ------recurrent visual hallucinations -------motor features of parkinsons disease |
