Neuroscience - Unit 3 - Brain And Spinal Cord Vasculature

Front 1

Approximately what percentage of the body's total oxygen does the brain use?

Back 1

~20%

Front 2

Which Arteries are the Major Blood Supply to Brain? Approximately what percentage of the Brain's Blood Supply does each one give?

Back 2

-Internal Carotid Arteries - ~80%
-Vertebral Arteries - ~20%

Front 3

In general, what areas of the Brain does the Carotid System Supply?

Back 3

Anterior Circulation

Front 4

What Arteries, in general, are the source of the Posterior Circulation?

Back 4

Vertebral Arteries

Front 5

What Structures do we see in between the Circle of Willis?

Back 5

-Optic Chiasm
-Infundiblum
-Mamillary Bodies

Front 6

What Arteries form the Circle of Willis?

Back 6

-Anterior Communicating Arteries
-Anterior Cerebral Arteries
-Posterior Communicating Arteries
-Posterior Cerebral Arteries

Front 7

What Branches off the Circle of Willis?

Back 7

-Middle Cerebral Artery
-Posterior Cerebral Artery

Front 8

Which Artery runs in the Lateral Sulcus?

Back 8

Middle Cerebral Artery

Front 9

If we Inject dye into the Vertebral Artery, what type of blood will the dye be in 2 seconds? 7 Seconds?

Back 9

-Arterial Phase
-Phoenix Suns - Venous Phase

Front 10

If Blood the a region of the brain is blocked, is that region fucked? Why or why not?

Back 10

-Not necessarily
-There may be Collateral Circulation

Front 11

What are the 2 Types of Arteries in the Brain? What's the difference between them?

Back 11

-Cortical (Circumferential) Branches - Supplies External Brain Structures
-Central (Penetrating) Branches - Small - Penetrates Ventral Surface to Supply Internal Brain Structures

Front 12

What types of Branches supply External Brain Structures?

Back 12

Cortical (Circumferential) Branches

Front 13

What types of Branches supply Internal Brain Structures?

Back 13

Central (Penetrating) Branches

Front 14

What are some of the Structures that Central (Penetrating) Branches Supply?

Back 14

-Thalamus
-Hypothalamus
-Basal Ganglia
-Internal Capsule
-Choroid Plexus

Front 15

What are the 3 main branches of the Internal Carotid Arteries?

Back 15

-Anterior Cerebral Artery
-Middle Cerebral Artery
-Anterior Choroidal Artery

Front 16

What Arteries Supply the Anterior Hippocampus and Posterior Limb of the Internal Capsule?

Back 16

Anterior Choroidal Arteries

Front 17

Interruption of which artery might cause paralysis of Legs and Feet? What else may result?

Back 17

Anterior Cerebral Artery
-Difficulty in Prefrontal Lobe Functions of Cognitive Thinking, Judgement, Motor Initiation, and Self Monitoring

Front 18

What Structures do the Middle Cerebral Arteries Supply?

Back 18

-Cortex and White Matter of Hemispheric Convexity (2/3 of entire Lateral Surface of Brain
-All 4 Lobes and Insula

Front 19

What is the Insular Cortex responsible for?

Back 19

-Assocation Cortex
-Emotion
-Conscious Perception of yourself

Front 20

Penetrating Branches of which Arteries supply parts of the Basal Ganglia, Internal Capsule, and Diencephalon?

Back 20

Middle Cerebral Artery

Front 21

What general region of the brain does the Anterior Cerebral Artery Supply?

Back 21

Medial Frontal Perfusion

Front 22

What general region of the brain does the Middle Cerebral Artery Supply?

Back 22

Lateral Perfusion

Front 23

What general region of the brain does the Posterior Cerebral Artery Supply?

Back 23

Posterior Medial Perfusion, Cerebellum

Front 24

Occlusion, Ischemia, or other problems with which Artery would lead to Somatosensory and/or Motor deficiency of the Legs?

Back 24

Anterior Cerebral Artery

Front 25

Occlusion, Ischemia, or other problems with which Artery would lead to Somatosensory and/or Motor deficiency of the Arms and Hands?

Back 25

Middle Cerebral Artery

Front 26

Occlusion, Ischemia, or other problems with which Artery would lead to Somatosensory and/or Motor deficiency of the Head?

Back 26

-Somatosensory - Anterior Cerebral Artery
-Motor - Middle Cerebral Artery

Front 27

Occlusion, Ischemia, or other problems with which Artery would lead to Somatosensory and/or Motor deficiency of the Face?

Back 27

Middle Cerebral Artery

Front 28

Problems with the Anterior Cerebral Artery might lead to issues with ____ in the Somatosensory and Motor Homunculi.

Back 28

Legs and Somatosensory of the Head

Front 29

Problems with the Middle Cerebral Artery might lead to issues with ____ in the Somatosensory and Motor Homunculi.

Back 29

Arms, Hands, Face, and Motor of the Head

Front 30

What forms the Basilar Artery?

Back 30

Vertebral Arteries

Front 31

What supplies the Brainstem and Cerebellum?

Back 31

Basilar Artery

Front 32

Which Arteries branch off the Basilar Artery?

Back 32

-Posterior Inferior Cerebellar (sometimes)
-Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Arteries
-Superior Cerebellar
-Posterior Cerebral Arteries

Front 33

Which Arteries Supply all of the following?
-Anterior Inferior Surface and Underlying White Matter of the Cerebellum
-Upper Medulla
-Lower Pontine Areas

Back 33

Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Arteries

Front 34

Which Arteries Supply all of the following?
-Pons
-Middle Cerebellar Peduncle
-Floor of the 4th Ventricle

Back 34

Pontine Arteries

Front 35

Which Arteries run along the Dorsal Surface of the Cerebellum?

Back 35

Superior Cerebellar Arteries

Front 36

What Arteries curve around the Midbrain and reach out to the Posterior Cerebral Hemispheres?

Back 36

Posterior Cerebral Arteries

Front 37

Which areas of the Brain do the Posterior Cerebral Arteries Supply?

Back 37

Surface Branches:
-Cortex and White Matter of Medial Occipital Lobes
-Inferior Temporal Lobes
-Posterior CC
Penetrating Branches
-Parts of the Thalamus
-Parts of the Midbrain

Front 38

What Artery supplies the Ventral 2/3 of the Spinal Cord?

Back 38

Anterior Spinal Artery

Front 39

Which Arteries supply the Dorsolateral Surface of the SC?

Back 39

Posterior SPinal Arteries

Front 40

Where do the Cerebral Veins Drain into?

Back 40

Internal Jugular Vein

Front 41

Trace Venous Blood Flow from the Superior Sagittal Sinus.

Back 41

-Superior Sagittal Sinus
-Transverse Sinus
-Sigmoid Sinus
-Internal Jugular Vein

Front 42

Trace Venous Blood Flow from the Inferior Sagittal Sinus.

Back 42

-Inferior Sagittal Sinus
-Straight Sinus
-Transverse Sinus
-Sigmoid Sinus
-Internal Jugular Vein

Front 43

Trace Venous Blood Flow from the Cavernous Sinus.

Back 43

-Cavernous Sinus
-Sigmoid Sinus
-Internal Jugular Vein

Front 44

What is a Stroke?

Back 44

-Loss of Perfusion to a Vascular Territory of the Brain
-Results in Ischemia
-Corresponding Loss of Neurologic Function

Front 45

What are some Biochemical components of an Ischemic Stroke?

Back 45

-Hypoxia
-Insufficiency of Metabolic Substrates
-Accumulation of Metabolic Wastes

Front 46

What are somethings that could cause an Ischemic Stroke?

Back 46

-Vascular Insufficiency
-Ahteroslcerosis
-Thromobosis
-Embolism
-Compression and Hypotension
-Hemorrhage

Front 47

What percent of Strokes are Ischemic? Hemorrhagic?

Back 47

-Due to a clot or occlusion - 80%
-Due to rupture - 20%

Front 48

What is a Lacunar Infarct? What are some predisposing conditions?

Back 48

-Occlusion of a small, penetrating artery that provides blood to the deep parts of the brain
-Hypertension
-Diabetes

Front 49

What are Arteriovenous Malformations?

Back 49

Tangled mass of Arteries and Veins

Front 50

What is the Monro-Kellie Doctrine?

Back 50

Intracranial Mass is gonna cause some shit to move

Front 51

What is Cerebral Perfusion Pressure equal to? What is its Normal Range?

Back 51

-CPP = MAP - ICP (Intracranial Pressure)
-80-100 mm Hg

Front 52

What might Low Cerebral Perfusion Pressure (CPP) lead to?

Back 52

Inadequate Brain Tissue Oxygenation and shit

Front 53

What might cause a Herniation of the Brain?

Back 53

Increased Intracranial Volume or Pressure

Front 54

What are the 2 classes of Brain Herniations?

Back 54

-Supratentorial
-Infratentorial

Front 55

What do the Internal Carotid Arteries travel through to get to the brain?

Back 55

-Carotid Canal at the Base of the Skull
-Carotid Siphon
-Cavernous Sinus

Front 56

Which Artery is directed medially above the Optic Nerve and ascends in the Longitudinal Fissure?

Back 56

Anterior Cerebral Artery

Front 57

Which Artery runs in the Lateral Sulcus?

Back 57

Middle Cerebral Artery

Front 58

What is the Major Source of Energy for the Brain? How is this source taken up?

Back 58

-Aerobic Oxidation of Glucose
-Across the BBB using ATP

Front 59

How does the brain get energy during starvation?

Back 59

-Ketone Muthafuckin' Bodies

Front 60

How does the Brain get Large Neutral AAs? Why do we need them? What is unique about their entry

Back 60

-Just like Glucose: Transported across the BBB
-Needed for NTs
-Compete for Entry with each other

Front 61

How does the Brain get Small Neutral AAs?

Back 61

Synthesizes them

Front 62

How does the Brain get Basic AAs?

Back 62

Actively Transported across the BBB

Front 63

How does the Brain get Acidic AAs?

Back 63

Actively Transported across the BBB

Front 64

Occlusion of which Arteries could result in Medial Medullary Syndrome?

Back 64

-Anterior Spinal Artery (Branches)
-Basilar Artery (Paramedian Branches)

Front 65

Occlusion of which Arteries could result in Lateral Medullary Syndrome (Wallenberg's Syndrome)?

Back 65

-Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery
-Vertebral Artery

Front 66

What is another name for Wallenberg's Syndrome? What could cause this?

Back 66

-Lateral Medullary Syndrom
-Occlusion of: Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery or Vertebral Artery