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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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MEDULLA, many nuclei w vital fxns
--impt for CV regulation --motor speech --balance & coordination --conduit for ascending & descending tracts |
Lesion/damage to medulla:
1) CV system regulation from reticular nuclei & its fxns 2) motor speech & swallowing - dysarthria (slurred speech) 3) vestibular sense |
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Nuclei of the MEDULLA
both CLOSED and OPEN A red headed dental nerd studies nightly (7) |
A accessory cuneatus (top of closed) - sensory tract relay
R reticular - CV regulation and pain modulation H hypoglossal CN XII - motor to the tongue D dorsal vagal CN X - PAM: parasympathertic autonomic motor N nucleus ambiguous CN IX, X - motor to pharynx + larynx S spinal trigeminal V, VII, IX, X - pain sensation to the face N NTS-VSI nucleus tractus solitarius CN IX, X - visceral sensory info (extends into pons as gustatory nucleus) |
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Nuclei of the MEDULLA
CLOSED only crazy girl (2) |
C cuneatus - sensory tract relay
G gracilis - sensory tract relay |
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Nuclei of the MEDULLA
OPEN only In various crazy insitutions (4) |
I inferior olivary nucleus - motor planning
V vestibular VIII - (on into pons)sensory/motor for balance C cochlear VIII - hearing (special sense) I S PAM 9? inferior salivatory IX - parasympathetic autonomic motor |
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ARNOLD CHIARI malformation
--often a secondary condition associated with spina bifida |
--congenital anomaly in which there is a herniation of the cerebellum & medulla thru the formaen magnum into the vertebral canal
--surgery can fix if you find it early enough --scar tissue tethers on spinal cord, pulls brain down too |
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LATERAL MEDULLARY Syndrome
WALLENBERG'S Syndrome |
--characterized by a set of signs and symptoms related to damage of the lateral medulla due to disruption of its blood supply
--stroke, vascular, classical presentation |
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Lesion to the PONS
involved in control of respiration and consciousness through reticular activating formation |
--pt is typically comatose initially
--damage may affect sensation and movement in the face --significant damage to ventral pons may result in LOCKED-IN SYNDROME |
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LOCKED-IN SYNDROME
--may be 2ry to infection, skin lesion, pneumonia, complication due to being immobile, --ully permanent, maybe minor recovery |
--BASILAR A HEMORRHAGE affecting ventral pons bilaterally
--eyes track --expresses emotion ie. tears --cannot speak --unable to move any MM in face or body --CAN FEEL (sensation) --knows everything (cognition intact) --complete paralysis --suicidal/depressed |
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Nuclei of the PONS
Rich People Should Consider Taking Great Valuables Away From Self (10) |
NON-CRANIAL NERVE NUCLEI
R reticular - pain modulation, respiratory & consciousness P pontine (ven'l)- motor relay S superior olivary - sound localization CRANIAL NERVE NUCLEI C Chief Sensory 5 7 9 10 - touch sensation for face, ear, pharynx & larynx T Trigeminal Motor 5 - MM of mastication & tensor tympani G Gustatory Nucleus (extension of NTS) 7 9 - special = taste V Vestibular S/M (pons down to open medulla) 8 - for balance A Abducens motor 6 - motor to lateral rectus for mvmt F Facial motor 7 - facial expression MM & stapedius S superior salivatory & lacrimal 7 - PAM, parasympathetic autonomic m |
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MIDBRAIN - dorsal aspect
COLLICULI - 4 round bumps |
superior colliculi - visual system for reflexive eye control
inferior colliculi - relay stations for auditory system |
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MIDBRAIN
houses key structures impt to visual, auditory, and motor systems |
--areas are damaged in pathology tht involves raised ICP
--primary centers for pain modulation |
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MIDBRAIN - ventral
CEREBRAL PEDUNCLES |
corticospinal/corticobulbar tracts = motor
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Nuclei of the MIDBRAIN
345 Rich Rednecks Eat Oysters Through May |
R reticular (periaqueductal gray) - pain modulation
R red nucleus (tegmentum) - M to body E Edinger Westphal III (superior colliculus) - PAM O oculomotor III (superior colliculus) - extraocular MM except LR and SO; levator palpebrae superioris T trochlear IV (inferior colliculus) - motor to SO M mesencephalic 5 (MB) - jaw-procioceptive info |
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Functions of the CEREBELLUM
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motor activities that include:
-balance -MM tone -motor coordination -rapid alternating mvmts -motor learning -mvmt initiation |
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cerebellum attached to dorsal brainstem by 3 pairs of large white matter fiber pathways
CEREBELLAR PEDUNCLES |
SEe - superior efferent (inf to inferior colliculi)
MA - middle afferent (attached to lateral border of pons) IAE - inferior contain both and are attached to dorsolateral medulla |
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Nuclei of the CEREBELLUM
and external features |
dentate
interposed (2) fastigial --vermis divides into 2 halves --flocculonodular lobe on ventral aspect --gray external to white |
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Gray Matter Spinal Cord Contents
VENTRAL HORN |
-large alpha / small gamma motor neurons
-axons leave ventral root to NN skeletal MM fibers -interneurons: excitatory or inhibitory |
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Gray Matter Spinal Cord Contents
LATERAL HORN only at T1-L2 and S2-S4 |
-small visceral preganglionic motor neurons fxn as part of ANS: autonomic: goosebumps, gut tightens
-axons form part of output pathway for ANS |
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Gray Matter Spinal Cord Contents
DORSAL HORN cell bodies -sensory tract neurons -axons form ascending sensory WM tracts |
substantia gelatinosa 2 - pain modulation, interneurons
nucleus proprius 3 4 - for pain & temp to cortex, interneurons & sensory tract cells Nucleus Dorsalis 7 or Clark's column C8-L3 - proprioceptive info to cerebellum, ST cells VAN 7 T1-L2/S2-S4 - visceral afferent nucleus - input pathways/info to LH, interneurons |
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visceral afferent nucleus
DORSAL |
VAN
7 T1-L2/S2-S4 input pathways/info to LH interneurons |
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Nucleus Dorsalis 7 or Clark's column
DORSAL |
7
C8-L3 proprioceptive info to cerebellum ST cells |
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nucleus proprius
DORSAL |
3 4
pain & temp to cortex interneurons & sensory tract cells |
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substantia gelatinosa
DORSAL |
2
pain modulation interneurons |
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interneurons
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relay neurons with short axons that receive incoming info and send it a short distance away to another cell in the SC gray matter; interconnecting gray matter within its own nucleus
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motor neurons
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cell bodies of alpha and gamma motor neurons are located in the VH of the SC and their axons leave the SC in ventral root to NN skeletal MM fibers
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sesory tract neurons
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cell bodies are located in DH; axons form scending sensory white matter tracts
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preganglionic motor neurons
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cell bodies of these neurons are located in the LH in T1-L2 and S2-S4; their axons form part of the output pathway of the ANS
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GRAY MATTER
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if you destroy the nucleus at C6, you only affect the fxn of that nucleus at C6
each SC segment has its own nucleus |
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WHITE MATTER
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if you destroy the nucleus you affect the entire column
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Spinal Cord White Matter Bundles that aren't part of the three columns
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1) ventral white commissure - bundle of transverse fibers that is present just ventral to the ventral gray commissure which allows sensory pain info to cross the midline of the SC
2) dorsolateral tract of Lissauer - tract lies bt the apex of the DH of gray matter and surface of cord and consists of short ascending and descending fibers carrying info related to pain 3) fasciculus proprius - thin band of white matter surrounds the gray matter & consists of short ascending & descending fibers which connect spinal segments & impt for intersegmental reflexes |
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WHITE MATTER BUNDLES
1) ventral white commissure |
bundle of transverse fibers that is present just ventral to the ventral gray commissure which allows sensory pain info to cross the midline of the SC
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WHITE MATTER BUNDLES
2) dorsolateral tract of Lissauer DLTL |
tract lies bt the apex of the DH of gray matter and surface of cord and consists of short ascending and descending fibers carrying info related to pain
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WHITE MATTER BUNDLES
3) fasciculus proprius |
thin band of white matter surrounds the gray matter & consists of short ascending & descending fibers which connect spinal segments & impt for intersegmental reflexes
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Spinal Cord White Matter Columns
SENSORY (left) - DORSAL only sensory ascending tracts |
fasciculus gracilis (only one below T6)
fasciculus cuneatus (above T6 only) divided by the dorsal intermediate sulcus |
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Spinal Cord White Matter Columns
SENSORY (left) - LATERAL both sensory ascending & descnding fiber tracts |
Dorsal spinocerebellar (S)
Ventral spinocerebellar (S) Lateral spinothalamic(S)** spinoreticular (S)** |
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Spinal Cord White Matter Columns
SENSORY (left) - VENTRAL both ascending & descnding sensory fiber tracts |
Ventral (anterior) spinothalamic (S)**
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Anterolateral system/tract
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lateral spinothalamic (S)
spinoreticular (S) ventral (anterior) spinothalamic (S) |
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Spinal Cord White Matter Columns
MOTOR & SENS REG (right) - LATERAL both ascending & descending motor & sensory regulation fibers |
Lateral corticospinal (M SR)
Rubrospinal (M) Medullary Reticulospinal (M SR) |
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Spinal Cord White Matter Columns
MOTOR & SENS REG (right) - VENTRAL both ascending & descending motor & sensory regulation fibers |
Ventral corticospinal (M)
Lateral Vestibulospinal (M) Medial Vestibulospinal (M) Pontine Reticulospinal (M SR) Tectospinal (M) Medial Longitudinal Fasciculus (MLF) (M) |
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ventral motor columns that are only found in the cervical region
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medial vestibulospinal
pontine reticulospinal tectospinal MLF |
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A lesion in a white matter column
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destroys the fxn of all the cell bodies that they originated from
therefore, pathology is more extensive in white matter |
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SYRINGOMYELIA
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causes a cavitating lesion around the central canal of the SC, usually present in cervial corg region & routinely destroys the VWC and alpha and gamma motor neurons in ventral gray matter
starts centrally affecting medial structures then grows laterally |
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Spinal Nerves
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exit through IVF above corresponding vertebrae in cervical region, then IVF below starting with C8 since there is no C8 vertebra
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Enlargements
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Cervical C5-T1
Lumbar L2-S2 |
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CSF fluid is located in
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the subarachnoid space
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