Neuroscience Iv

Front 1

Name two types of acetylcholine receptors

Back 1

1.nicotinic
muscarinic

Front 2

Where do you see the nicotinic receptors?

Back 2

found in all skeletal muscle fibers

Front 3

Where do you find the Muscuranic receptors?

Back 3

They are found in the cardiac and smooth muscles

Front 4

What is nicotinic receptor agonist?

Back 4

Nicotine

Front 5

What is nicotinic receptor antagonist?

Back 5

Snake venom bungarotoxin

Front 6

What is Muscuranic receptor agonist?

Back 6

Mushroom poison Muscarine

Front 7

What is Muscuranic receptor antagonist?

Back 7

Atropine, scopolamine

Front 8

Why the Muscuranic receptor action is slow and sustained?

Back 8

They are metabotropic and take a long time to develop

Front 9

Name the locations where the cholinergic neurons are located?

Back 9

1.Motor neurons
2.Preganglionic autonomic neurons
3.Postganglionic parasympathetic neurons
4.Basal nucleus of Meynert
Dorsal Tegmentum of pons

Front 10

What type of neurons is present in the basal nucleus of Meynert and it is implicated in which clinical condition?

Back 10

Cholinergic, Alzheimer’s

Front 11

Which enzyme helps in the degradation of acetylcholine?

Back 11

Acetylcholineesterase

Front 12

What happens to the receptors when the acetylcholine is not degraded?

Back 12

Receptors are desnsitized and fibers are in absolute refractory period

Front 13

Antibodies to which channels are developed in Lambart Eaton syndrome?

Back 13

Calcium channels

Front 14

Why small cell carcinoma of lung also results in Lambart Eaton syndrome?

Back 14

erived from primitive neuroendocrine precursor cells expressing voltage gated calcium channels.

Front 15

What are the two important signs of Lambart Eaton syndrome?

Back 15

These symptoms include dry mouth, constipation, reduced sweating, orthostatic hypotension (dizziness while standing or walking) and impotence.

Front 16

What antibodies you see in myasthenia gravis?

Back 16

antibodies against the acetylcholine receptors

Front 17

What is tensilon test?

Back 17

Tensilon (edrophonium) is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. This immediately improves the strength of the muscle and relief from symptoms

Front 18

What are the signs of myasthenia gravis?

Back 18

There is muscle weakness that worsens with sustained contraction but improves after rest. This affects most often extraocular muscles

Front 19

Which one is the precursor amino acid of all catecholamines?

Back 19

Tyrosine

Front 20

Which enzyme converts tyrosine into L dopa?

Back 20

Tyrosine Hydroxylase

Front 21

Which enzyme converts L dopa into Dopamine?

Back 21

DOPA decarboxylase

Front 22

Which enzyme converts Dopamine into Norepinephrine?

Back 22

Dopamine Beta Hydroxylase

Front 23

Which enzyme converts Norepinephrine into epinephrine and where is it present?

Back 23

Phenylsomething N Methyltransferase

Front 24

Which one is the precursor amino acid of tyrosine?

Back 24

Phenylalanine

Front 25

Which enzyme is deficit in phenylketonuria?

Back 25

Phenylalanine dehydroxylase

Front 26

What are the three symptoms of phenylketonuria?

Back 26

marked irritability, severe vomiting, seizures, musty odor and eventual mental retardation

Front 27

Why dopamine is not used to treat Parkinsonism?

Back 27

Can't cross blood brain barrier

Front 28

Which nucleus has depletion of neurons in Parkinsonism?

Back 28

Substantia nigra

Front 29

Which pathway is implicated in reward and addiction?

Back 29

Mesolimbic

Front 30

Which pathway is involved in psychotic disturbance?

Back 30

Mesocortical

Front 31

Which pathway is depressed when mesocortical pathway is stimulated?

Back 31

mesolimbic

Front 32

What happens when the mesocortical pathway is inhibited?

Back 32

mesolimbic pathway has increased activity and that is one of the pathways responsible for the development of schizophrenia.

Front 33

What happens when the mesolimbic pathway is excessively stimulated?

Back 33

mesolimbic pathway has increased activity and that is one of the pathways responsible for the development of schizophrenia.

Front 34

Which neurotransmitter is released in the arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus?

Back 34

dopamine

Front 35

Which drug is used to treat Prolactinoma?

Back 35

Bromocryptine

Front 36

Why MAO inhibitor is used to treat Parkinsonism?

Back 36

MAO-B inhibitor (selegiline) which prevents the metabolism of dopamine in the presynaptic bouton and is more dopamine is available for further release.

Front 37

Name two drugs used to treat Parkinsonism?

Back 37

MAO-B inhibitor (selegiline), LDOPA

Front 38

What type of receptors are the dopamine receptors and how many types are there?

Back 38

There are five types of receptors D1 to D5. All of these are G protein mediated metabotropic receptors.

Front 39

How cocaine does increases the level of dopamine in the synaptic cleft?

Back 39

Cocaine blocks the reuptake of dopamine through its transporter. This results in the increase in the level of dopamine which is responsible for the euphoric effect of cocaine.

Front 40

Where does cocaine act to express its anesthetic effect?

Back 40

Its anesthetic effect comes from its action to block the voltage gated sodium channels.

Front 41

Name the enzyme responsible for the conversion of dopamine into Norepinephrine and where is it present?

Back 41

The norepinephrine secreting neurons contain an enzyme, dopamine beta hydroxylase (DBH) which converts dopamine into norepinephrine
The synthesis of norepinephrine takes place inside storage vesicles because DBH lies within the vesicles.

Front 42

Name the location in the pons where norephinephric neurons are situated?

Back 42

locus ceruleus

Front 43

Name two drugs which inhibit the reuptake of Norepinephrine?

Back 43

Imipramine and Amitriptyline – inhibits reuptake of norephinephrine and
5-HT

Front 44

Which drug will release more Norepinephrine containing vesicles?

Back 44

Amphetamines

Front 45

Which metabolite is assayed in the urine to know the level of catecholamine break down?

Back 45

VMA

Front 46

Which receptor is responsible for the constriction of arterioles and urogenital sphincters?

Back 46

Alpha 1

Front 47

Which type of receptors is present on the presynaptic nerve terminal?

Back 47

Alpha 2

Front 48

Name the receptors which increase the heart rate and force of contraction?

Back 48

Beta 1

Front 49

Which drug is beta1 blocker?

Back 49

Altenelol

Front 50

Which receptors help in the relaxation of bronchus? Name agonist of this receptor?

Back 50

Beta 2, Salbutamol

Front 51

Which enzyme converts Norepinephrine into epinephrine and where is it present?

Back 51

norepinephrine into epinephrine lies in the cytosol. This enzyme is phenylethanolamine-N-methyl-transferase(PNMT).

Front 52

Name one poison which inhibits acetylcholinesterase?

Back 52

Nerve gas sarin

Front 53

Name the drug that inhibits the reuptake of serotonin into presynaptic bouton?

Back 53

Fluoxetine

Front 54

Which drug blocks the reuptake of dopamine?

Back 54

Cocccaaayyeeena

Front 55

Which drug prevents the uptake of Norepinephrine into its vesicles?

Back 55

Imipramine and Amitriptyline