Neuroscience Ii

Front 1

1.Where do you find voltage gated sodium channels?

Back 1

Nodes of Ranvier, Initial segment, internodes

Front 2

1.Give an example of unipolar neuron?

Back 2

Embryonic cells and mesencephalic nucleus neurons

Front 3

1.Give an example of pseudounipolar neuron?

Back 3

dorsal ganglion neurons

Front 4

1.Give an example of bipolar neuron?

Back 4

two processes, bipolar neurons of retina

Front 5

1.Give an example of multipolar neuron?

Back 5

one axon and many dendrites, motor neurons

Front 6

1.Give an example of Golgi type I neuron?

Back 6

Neuron with long axon. Motor neurons are examples of this type of neuron.

Front 7

1.Give an example of Golgi type II neuron?

Back 7

They have a very short axon. Interneurons in CNS are the example of this type of neuron.

Front 8

1.What is the name of the autoimmune disease which affects the myelin of the central nervous system?

Back 8

Multiple Sclerosis

Front 9

1.What is the name of the autoimmune disease which affects the myelin of the peripheral nervous system?

Back 9

Guillian Barre Syndrome

Front 10

1.Name three signs of multiple sclerosis which are separated by the time and space?

Back 10

Blurred vision or loss of vision in one eye ( optic nerve involvement)
Ataxia and scanning speech. (cerebellar involvement)
Hemiparesis or hemianesthesia in half of the body ( cerebral white matter involvement)

Front 11

1.What is the main characteristic of CSF in multiple sclerosis?

Back 11

increased immunoglobulin (IgG) levels in CSF with oligoclonal bands on electrophoresis

Front 12

1.Name the cells responsible to produce the Guillian Barre Syndrome?

Back 12

Schwann Cells

Front 13

1.In Guillian Barre Syndrome, weakness and paralysis occurs invariably after the resolution of what?

Back 13

viral illness

Front 14

1.Which two of the organelles are distinctly absent in the axon?

Back 14

1.Rough endoplasmic reticulum
2.Free ribosomes
Golgi apparatus

Front 15

1.Tetrodotoxin a poison of puffer fish blocks which channels?

Back 15

Tetrodotoxin blocks the voltage gated sodium channels but does not block the influx of sodium in nicotinic Ach-gated channels.

Front 16

1.What type of channels is present in the nodes of Ranvier?

Back 16

Voltage gated sodium

Front 17

1.What type of intermediate filaments is present in astrocytes?

Back 17

GFAP

Front 18

1.What is the difference between the intermediate filaments of neurons and GFAP of astrocytes?

Back 18

The intermediate filaments are extensively cross linked while GFAP of astrocytes are not so extensively cross linked.

Front 19

1.Which protein forms the microfilaments?

Back 19

Actin

Front 20

1.Which protein is responsible to move the material down from the cell body to the terminal?

Back 20

Kinesin moves the cargo toward the axon terminal

Front 21

1.Which protein is responsible to move the material up towards the cell body?

Back 21

Dynein is responsible for the movement of cargo towards the cell body.

Front 22

1.Which enzyme is used to trace retrograde transport?

Back 22

Horseradishperoxidase (HRP) is injected into the region of nerve terminals and that is transported to the cell body where the labeled cells can be microscopically examined.

Front 23

1.Which clinical condition results when there is defective anterograde transport in the axon?

Back 23

certain neuropathies in which distal part of the long nerves undergo progressive atrophy (dying back neuropathy)

Front 24

1.Which radioactive material is used to trace the anterograde transport?

Back 24

tritiated H-leucine

Front 25

1.Which chemical can break up the microtubules by depolymerization?

Back 25

Cochicine is a drug that breaks the microtubules apart or depolymerizes.

Front 26

1.What happens to the secretion if microtubules were to be disrupted by a chemical?

Back 26

When the microtubule is depolymerized by the colchicine it will accumulate the secretory product on the side of the axon closest to the cell body.

Front 27

1.What viruses are spread by using the retrograde transport?

Back 27

1.Rabies
2.Herpes simplex and herpes zoster
Poliomyelitis

Front 28

1.Where is Herpes located?

Back 28

dorsal (sensory) root ganglia

Front 29

1.Where polio virus is located?

Back 29

motor neurons in the spinal cord

Front 30

1.What is the classical sign of polio infection?

Back 30

lower motor neuron type of paralysis (flaccid paralysis results).

Front 31

1.Identify components of neuron which are transported through the slow anterograde transport system.

Back 31

soluble cytoplasmic components, cytoskletal proteins, enzymes and precursors of slow molecule neurotransmitters

Front 32

1.Why only distal parts of the limbs are involved in the dying back neuropathy?

Back 32

Because it is only the long nerves

Front 33

1.What is dying back neuropathy?

Back 33

distal part of the long nerves undergo progressive atrophy (dying back neuropathy)

Front 34

1.If the postsynaptic neuron were to show the excitatory postsynaptic potential what type of channel you expect in the postsynaptic membrane?

Back 34

Opening of sodium channels or closing of potassium channels

Front 35

1.If the postsynaptic membrane were to show the inhibitory postsynaptic potential, what types of channels you expect in the postsynaptic membrane?

Back 35

Opening of potassium channels or chloride channels would cause and inhibitory post synaptic potential

Front 36

1.Where is action potential generated?

Back 36

Axon Hillock

Front 37

1.Tetrodotoxin a poison of puffer fish blocks which channels?

Back 37

Voltage gated sodium channels at the initial segment

Front 38

1.What type of potentials begins in the peripheral receptors?

Back 38

Generator potentials

Front 39

1.In a peripheral sensory nerve, what is the location of generation of action potentials?

Back 39

First internode

Front 40

1.What type of channels are responsible for the docking of vesicles to the presynaptic membrane?

Back 40

Calcium channels