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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What area of our brain is most associated with our conciousness?
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Frontal cortex
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What area of the brain does an electrode record from?
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1st layer of cerebral cortex
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Why does the 1st layer of cerbral cortex provide us with brain info?
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because of ASCENDING RETICULAR ACTIVATING SYSTEM (ARAS) which if stimulated, wakes us up
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what is the ARAS?
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ASCENDING RETICULAR ACTIVATING SYSTEM - relay site for ALL sensory input, encoding our conciousness level
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What are the 4 brain waves?
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alpha - most active when we are awake and relaxed
beta - most active when we are ALERT theta - most active when first asleep delta - most active in deep non-rem sleep |
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what brain structure governs circadian rythym?
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HYPOTHALAMUS' supra-chiasmatic nucleus
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When is growth hormone at its peak (of circ. cycle)
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sleep
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when is cortisol at its peak (of circ cycle)
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sleep
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What happens with % of sleep that is Non-rem?
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increases w/ age
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what happens with % of sleep that is rem?
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decreases from 50 to 20% with age
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Which stage of sleep is most important for CONSOLIDATION?
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REM sleep
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what part of sleep does muscle paralysis happen in?
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REM
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what part of sleep does erection happen in?
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REM
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what part of sleep does HR go up?
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REM
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Where does sleep apnea occur?
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REM
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where does dreaming occur (what stage?
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REM
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what stage of sleep does repair happen?
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non-rem
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what stage of sleep does protein synthesis occur in?
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non-rem
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What stage do the most delta waves occur in?
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4
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what stage of sleep does sleep walking/talking occur in?
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non-rem
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in what part of sleep does bruxism occur?
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non-rem
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What is it called when beta waves occur in sleep? where is this?
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PARADOXICAL sleep - in REm sleep
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Trend of these as night goes on:
Non-rem? Rem? |
non -rem decreases
rem increases |
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What parts of the bran are ACTIVATED during sleep?
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amygdala and hippocampus (CONSOLIDATION)
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what parts of brain are INACTIVATED during sleep?
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Pre-frontal (conciousness)
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How is muscle paralysis achieved in sleep?
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inhibitiion of alpha motor-neurons in VENTRAL HORN
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How is sensation decreased in sleep?
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inhibition of dorsal column nuclei
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How are retinal ganglion involved in sleep pattersn?
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some go directly to supra-chiasmatic nucleus SKIPPING HYPOTHALAMUS -
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What are the 4 hypothal nuclei for sleep?
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Paraventricular, lateral hypothalamus, ventrolateral preoptic and SCN
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What is tougher, phase delay or phase advance shift?
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phase advance (going to bed earlier)
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How is the pineal gland involved in sleep?
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releases melatonin - makes fatigued
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What is orexin's role in sleep?
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turns on 3 nuclei (raphae/locus coerules/cholinergic) to stimulate serotonin/NE/Ach release therefore is more active when we are awake
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What is the opposing nucleus of OREXIN
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VLPO
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What are 2 respiratory disturbances?
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apnea - pause in breathing
hypopnea - decreased breathjing |
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When does apnea occur? (what stage)
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REM
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