Neuroscience Cranial Nerves

Front 1

loss of reflex to light (both direct and consensual), with normal pupillary constriction on accommodation and convergence; lesion usually involves pretectum; can be bilateral in disorders like neurosyphilis where the pupils may be small and unequal

Back 1

Argyll-Robertson pupil

Front 2

vertical gaze center

Back 2

periaqueductal gray of the midbrain reticular formation

Front 3

horizontal gaze center

Back 3

paramedian pontine reticular formation

Front 4

the gaze centers have complicated interconnections with cranial nerve nuclei III, IV, and VI via the ______

Back 4

medial longitudinal fasciculus

Front 5

the pupil constricts to light (direct response) but may not stay constricted, or may slowly dilate; the consensual response may be faster than the direct (checked with a “swinging” light); seen with irritation of the optic nerve such as occurs in optic neuritis

Back 5

Marcus Gunn pupil:

Front 6

Lesions of the medial longitudinal fasciculus can produce _____

Back 6

“internuclear” ophthalmoplegia: impaired adduction of the ipsilateral eye, nystagmus in the contralateral eye with abduction

Front 7

Lesions of the medial longitudinal fasciculus can produce an ______; there will be impaired _____ of the ipsilateral eye, nystagmus in the contralateral eye with ____

Back 7

“internuclear” ophthalmoplegia
adduction
abduction

Front 8

Name the Special Sensory Afferent cranial nerves

Back 8

II, VIII

Front 9

location of second order neurons associated w/ taste

Back 9

rostral part of the nucleus of the tractus solitarius

Front 10

General Visceral Afferents nucleus

Back 10

caudal portion of the nucleus of the tractus solitarius

Front 11

General Somatic Efferent cranial nerves

Back 11

III, IV, VI, XII

Front 12

Special Visceral Efferent nerves

Back 12

V, VII, IX, X, XI

Front 13

General Somatic Afferent Cranial Nerves

Back 13

(III, IV, VI), V, VII, IX, X

Front 14

3 unique features of olfactory receptos

Back 14

1. The cells function both as receptors and conducting neurons
2. Unmyelinated axons of these cells constitute the olfactory nerves which pass through foramina of the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone and enter the olfactory bulb
3. These olfactory neurons undergo mitosis throughout life (they have a life span of approximately 2 mos.); this is interesting since it means that axons of newly born neurons are constantly growing in the olfactory nerves and into the CNS

Front 15

olfactory projects to what structures in the temporal lobe?

Back 15

e uncus, entorhinal cortex, and amygdaloid nuclear complex (amygdala)