Neuroscience & Behavior Ch2

Front 1

Neuroscience?

Back 1

a nerve cell; the basic building block of the nervous system

Front 2

Synapse?

Back 2

junction between axon tips and dendrite or cell body

Front 3

Neurotransmitters?

Back 3

chemical messengers that traverse the synaptic gap

Front 4

Acetylcholine (ACh)?

Back 4

enables muscle action, learning and memory

Front 5

Dopamine?

Back 5

influence movement, learning, attention, and emotions

Front 6

Serotonin?

Back 6

affects mood, hunger, sleep, and arousal (linked to depression)

Front 7

Norepinephrine?

Back 7

natural, opiatelike neurotransmitters linked to pain control and to pleasure

Front 8

Nervous system?

Back 8

the bodys speedy electrochemical communication network, consisting of all the nerve cells of the peripheral and central nervous system

Front 9

Central Nervous System?

Back 9

CNS-- brain and spinal cord

Front 10

Peripheral Nervous System?

Back 10

PNS--the sensory and motor neurons that connect the CNS to the rest of the body

Front 11

Nerves?

Back 11

neural "cables" containing many axons. these bundled axon, which are part of the peripheral nervous system, connect the CNS with muscels, glands and sense organs

Front 12

Sensory Neurons?

Back 12

neurons that carry incoming information from the sense receptors to the CNS

Front 13

Motor Neurons?

Back 13

neurons that carry OUTGOING information from the CNS to the muscles and glands

Front 14

Interneurons?

Back 14

CNS neurons that internally communicate and intervene between the sensory inputs and motor outputs

Front 15

Somatic Neurons?

Back 15

the division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body skeletal muscles

Front 16

Autonomic Nervous System?

Back 16

part of the PNS that controls the glands and muscles of the internal organs

Front 17

Sympathetic Nervous System?

Back 17

arouses, mobilize energy in stressful situations

Front 18

Endocrine system?

Back 18

the bodys "slow" chimcal communication system; a set of glands that secrete hormones into bloodstream

Front 19

Adrenal glands?

Back 19

secrete epinepherene and nonepinephrine which helps arouse the body in times of stress

Front 20

Pituitary glands?

Back 20

most influencial glands. regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands

Front 21

Thalamus?

Back 21

the brains sensory switchboard; directs messages to the sensory receiving area in the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla

Front 22

Lesion?

Back 22

tissue destruction

Front 23

Cerebellum?

Back 23

process sensory input and coordinating movement outputs and balance. Helps judge time, modulate emotions, discriminate sounds and texture. (alcoholics can severely damage this)

Front 24

Limbic System?

Back 24

associated with emotions such as fear and aggression and drives

Front 25

Amygdala?

Back 25

influence aggression and fear

Front 26

Hippocampus?

Back 26

process memory

Front 27

Hypothalamus?

Back 27

directs several maintenance activities, helps govern the endocrine system via pituitary glands, linked to emotions

Front 28

Cereberal cortex?

Back 28

the bodys ultimate control and information processing center

Front 29

Frontal lobes?

Back 29

involved in speaking and muscle movement in making plans and judgement (phineas gage)

Front 30

Parietal lobes?

Back 30

receives sensory input for touch and body position

Front 31

Occipital lobes?

Back 31

visual areas, receiving information from opposite visual fields

Front 32

Temporal lobes?

Back 32

auditory areas, each receiving information primarily from the opposite ear

Front 33

Motor cortex?

Back 33

(rear of frontal lobes)-- controls voluntary movement

Front 34

Sensory cortex?

Back 34

(front of parietal loves) register and process body touch and movement

Front 35

Association areas?

Back 35

involved in higher mental functions such as learning, remembering, thinking and speaking

Front 36

Aphasia?

Back 36

impairment of language (usually occurs in left hemisphere)

Front 37

Broca's Area?

Back 37

controls language expression, directs muscle movement involved in speech

Front 38

Wernicke's Area?

Back 38

controls language expression, language comprehension

Front 39

Plasticity?

Back 39

brains capacity for modification (esp. good in children)