Neuroscience And The Brain- Intro To Psych

Front 1

Neurons

Back 1

Cells in the nervous system that communicate with one another to perform information processing tasks

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Cell body (soma)

Back 2

Coordinates information processing tasks and keeps the cells alive.

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dendrites

Back 3

receives info from other neurons and relays it to the cell body

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Axon

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Transmits info to other neurons, muscles or glands

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Myelin sheath

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Insulating layer of fatty material that covers the axon. helps transmitte info better and faster

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Glial cells

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support cells found in nervous system. Helps clean up, provides nutrition and support for neurons.

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Synapse

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The junction between the axon of one nueron and the dendrites of another. (Space between neurons)

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Sensory Neurons

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Neurons that receive info from the external world and relays the info to the spinal cord

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Motor Neurons

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Carry signlas from the spinal cord to the muscles to produce movement

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Interneurons

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Neurons that connect sensory neurons, motor neurons or other interneurons

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Resting potential

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The difference in the electric charge between the inside and outside of a neuron's cell membrane. (slightly negative. more potassium on inside)

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Action potential

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An electric Signal that is conducted along the axon of the synapse

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Refractory Period

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The time following an action potential during which a new action potential cannot be initiated

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Terminal Buttons

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Knob like structures at the end of the axon which carry neurotransmitters

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Receptors

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Part of the cell membrane that accept the neurotransmitters

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Acetylcholine

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A neuro transmitter involved with activating muscles for motor behavior. also regulates attention, learning, sleeping, dreaming and a lack of contributes to alzheimers

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Dopamine

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A neurotransmitter that regulates motor behavior, motivation, pleasure and emotional arousal.

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Glutamate

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A major excitatory neurotransmitter. Enhances the transmission of information

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Norepinephrine

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Influences mood and arousal. helps with higher awareness in dnager

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Endorphines

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Operates within the pain pathways and emotion center of the brain. helps elevate mood and numbs pain

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Agonists

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are drugs that increase the action of neurotransmitters

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Antagonists

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drugs or chemicals that block the function of neurotransmitters