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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the main feature of dendrites? |
They are highly branched |
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What do dendrites recieve? |
Recieves input from 100s to 1000s of other neurons |
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What are dendritic spines? |
- Many fine processes
- Receive information from other neurons
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What % of surface area do the dendritic spines make up the neuron? |
80-90% of the neuron surface area |
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Are all axons the same length? |
No, they vary in length but are usually long |
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What do axons do? |
They carry the electrical signal (action potential) |
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What is important about the axon structure? |
The axon structure is critical to function |
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What is another word for the cell body? |
Soma |
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What does the cell body contain? |
- Nucleus
- Cytoplasm consitutes perikaryon
- Organelles that provide energy and synthesize organic material
- Large number of mitochondria that generate energy
- Free and fixed ribosomes |
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What is axoplasm? |
The cytoplasm of the axon |
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What does the axoplasm contain? |
neurotubules, neurofibrils, enzymes, organelles |
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What is axolemma? |
The specialised cell membrane |
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What does the axolemma cover? |
The axoplasm |
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What is the axon hillock? |
Thick section of cell body
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Where does the axon hillock attach? |
Attached to initial segment of axon |
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Whhere does the initial segment of the axon attach? |
Attaches to the axon hillock |
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What are collaterals? |
Branches of a single axon |
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What are telodendria? |
Fine extensions of distal axon |
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What is another name for synaptic terminals? |
Synaptic knob or synaptic bouton |
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What is the synapse? |
Area where a neuron communicates with another cell, muscle, or gland |
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What is the synaptic cleft? |
The small gap that separates the presynaptic membrane from the postsynaptic membrane |
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What is the presynaptic cell? |
Neuron that sends message |
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What is the postsynaptic cell? |
Neuron that receives message |
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What is a synaptic terminal? |
Tips of axon Expanded area of axon |
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What does the synaptic knob/terminal contain? |
Synaptic vesicles of neurotransmitters |
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What are neurotransmitters? |
Chemical messengers |
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Where are the neurotransmitters released |
At the presynaptic membrane |
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What do neurotransmitters do/affect? |
They affect receptors on the postsynaptic membrane |
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What are neurotransmitters broken down by? |
Enzymes |
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What happens to neurotransmitters at the end of the process? |
They are reassembled at the synaptic knob |
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What are 3 types of synapses? |
Axo-dendritic
Axo- somatic
Axo-axonic |
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What is a neuromascular junction? |
Synapse between neuron and muscle |
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What is a neuroglandular junction? |
A synapse between a neuron and gland |
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What are the functional classifications of neurons? |
Sensory or afferent
Motor or efferent
Interneurons or association neurons |
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What are the structural classifications of neurons? |
Multipolar Bipolar Unipolar Anaxonic |
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What is the purpose of astrocytes? |
Regulate what substances reach the CNS from the blood (blood brain barrier BBB)
Regulate brain fluid composition |
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What do astrocytes do? |
Produce chemicals that promote tight junctions to form BBB |
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What do ependymal cells do? |
Line brain ventricles and central canal of spinal cord
Form choroid plexus
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What does the choroid plexus do? |
Secretes CSF |
