Neuroscience 05-08-23 Deep Structures Of The Cerebral Hemispheres

Front 1

components of a cerebral hemisphere

Back 1

A. Cortex (discussed in detail in a previous lecture)
B. Lateral ventricles and deep nuclei
C. Underlying "white" matter

Front 2

__________ of the lateral ventricles are located in the frontal lobes and are separated from each other by the (a thin "membrane-like" structure containing small groups of neurons)

Back 2

Anterior horns; septum pellucidum

Front 3

Most of the body of each lateral ventricle is located in the _______ lobe

Back 3

parietal

Front 4

The ventral part of the "C" of the lateral ventricles is made by the _______ horn which is located in the lobe

Back 4

temporal or inferior; temporal

Front 5

The two lateral ventricles are connected to the third ventricle through openings in the ________ are __________

Back 5

septum pellucidum (interventricular foramina of Monro)

Front 6

The _______ are a group of nuclei lying deep within the cerebral hemispheres which are derived from the x _____ in development

Back 6

basal ganglia (or more correctly, basal “nuclei”); basal ganglia (or more correctly, basal “nuclei”)

Front 7

list the basal ganglia (

Back 7

1 caudate
2 putamen
3 globus pallidus
4 amygdala complex

other nuclei, for example the claustrum, may also be included as part of the basal ganglia

Front 8

Three of the basal ganglia nuclei associated with motor function

Back 8

1 Caudate
2 Putamen
3 globus pallidus

Front 9

caudate

Back 9

("tailed" structure); "C"-shaped; head of the caudate lies in the floor of the anterior horn of the lateral ventricle; tail "ends" in the amygdala

Front 10

Putamen

Back 10

(that which "falls off in pruning”); lateral most of the structures, at the level of the insula (the cortex buried in the depths of the Sylvian or lateral fissure)

Front 11

Globus pallidus

Back 11

("pale globe"); medial to the putamen and "connected" to it; divided into lateral (external) and medial (internal) segments; separated from the thalamus by the fibers of the internal capsule

Front 12

The caudate, putamen and globus pallidus are referred to collectively as the _____

Back 12

corpus striatum ("striped" body; in anterior portions, fibers of the internal capsule push apart the caudate and putamen, giving the area a "striped" appearance)

Front 13

Corpus striatum components

Back 13

1 caudate
2 putamen
3 globus pallidus

("striped" body; in anterior portions, fibers of the internal capsule push apart the caudate and putamen, giving the area a "striped" appearance)

Front 14

neostriatum components

Back 14

caudate and putamen; related embryologically

Front 15

Lentiform nucleus

Back 15

putamen and globus pallidus

not related embryologically but which are joined

Front 16

Nuclei of the corpus striatum are part of what is referred to as the ____ motor system

Back 16

extrapyramidal

Front 17

the ___ is a C-shaped fiber bundle connecting the ___ in the temporal lobe and the ____ of the hypothalamus (diencephalon)

Back 17

fornix
hippocampus
mammillary bodies

Front 18

axons which connect cortical areas within the same hemisphere

Back 18

association fibers

Front 19

list the long assocaiation fiber bundles

Back 19

Superior longitudinal fasciculus
Inferior longitudinal fasciculus
Superior fronto-occipital and inferior frontal-occipital fasciculi
Cingulum

Front 20

Describe the short association fibers

Back 20

arcuate fibers or subcortical U-fibers
the cell bodies of origin are in one gyrus; the axons arch under a sulcus and synapse in adjacent or semi-adjacent gyri

Front 21

what is connected by the superior longitudinal fasciculus

Back 21

primarily the cortex of frontal, parietal, and occipital lobes within the same hemisphere; a part of this pathway extends into the temporal lobe

Front 22

fasciculus which connects all of the language areas of the dominant hemisphere

Back 22

arcuate fasciculus

Front 23

A lesion in the arcuate fasciculus results in ______

Back 23

conduction aphasia

Front 24

Conduction aphasia accounts for approximately ___ of aphasias

Back 24

10%

Front 25

connects occipital and temporal areas

Back 25

Inferior longitudinal fasciculus

Front 26

connects orbitofrontal gyri (areas involved primarily in emotional behavior) and rostral temporal lobe areas (involved in the processing of olfactory information)

Back 26

uncinate fasciculus

Front 27

The ______ is a common site of seizures

Back 27

uncinate fasciculus

Front 28

The cingulum connects areas of the ____ and ____lobes with structures in the temporal lobe

Back 28

frontal
parietal

Front 29

The cell bodies of origin of the cingulum are in the ____

Back 29

cingulate gyrus

Front 30

the cell bodies of origin are in one gyrus; the ____ arch under a sulcus and synapse in adjacent or semi-adjacent gyri as shown

Back 30

arcuate fibers

Front 31

inability to carry out verbal commands w/ moter fx, cause

Back 31

apraxia, lesiaon of anterior corpus callosum

Front 32

significantly larger in the brains of homosexual (compared to heterosexual) men

Back 32

anterior commissure

Front 33

Posterior commissure: located just rostral to the ___, near the ___

Back 33

superior colliculus
pineal

Front 34

fibers connecting cortical areas with nuclei throughout the brain

Back 34

Projection fibers

Front 35

most fibers coursing to and from the cortex go through the ____ which lies between the ___ and the ____ nucleus

Back 35

internal capsule
thalamus
lentiform

Front 36

three "capsules" or fiber bundles:

Back 36

internal, external, or extreme capsules

Front 37

the three major “limbs” of the internal capsule

Back 37

anterior, genu, and posterior limbs

Front 38

topographically organization of the internal capsule

Back 38

pre-frontal lobe fibers course through the anterior limb; more posterior frontal lobe (see below), parietal, occipital, and temporal lobe fibers course through the posterior and retrolenticular limbs

Front 39

fibers which course in the genu of the internal capsule

Back 39

cortico-bulbar fibers

Front 40

cell bodies of origin of the cortical-bulbar fibers Brodmann's areas

Back 40

4 and 8

Front 41

fibers which course thru the posterior limb of the internal capsule

Back 41

cortico-spinal tract

Front 42

Fibers of the anterior limb of the internal capsule are supplied primarily by branches of the _____ artery

Back 42

anterior cerebral

Front 43

The posterior limb, genu, and retrolenticular portion of the internal capsule are supplied primarily by the ______ branches of the _____ artery

Back 43

lenticulo-striate
middle cerebral