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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what's the def for CPGs?
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- network of neurons capable of exhibiting rhythmic activity w/o sensory input
- considered preprogrammed motor responses w/in NS |
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ex of CPGs?
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- chewing, walking, riding a bike
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CPGs may involve interneurons that cross bilaterally?
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yes
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what is the actual process these CPGs work?
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- facilitation and inhibition of neurological pathways
- sensitization of muscle spindles/sensory fibers - shutting down of senses |
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what is meant by facilitation here?
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- the lowering of thethreshold for reflex conduction along a particular neural pathway especially from repeated use of that pathway
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what happens once networks have been established for a learned task?
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- CPGs assist in automatic performance of the task
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describe neuromuscular diseases
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- they are progressive and never improve
- majority motor diseases affect motor systems regulating speaking, swallowing, breathing, some even affect walking |
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generic overall S/S of motor diseases in common?
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- spasticity
- stiffness - increased DTR(deep tendon reflexes) - these diseases rarely cause loss in intellect, memory, pain except huntingtons & parkinsons which cause these losses |
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describe 4 major motor diseases?
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- post-polio syndrome
- amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS) aka lou gehrigs disease - huntingtons' disease - parkinson's disease |
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describe ALS
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- debilitates pt until death; occurs 3-5yrs after dx due to paralysis of respiratory tract
- pts cognition stays intact so they are experiencing their shutdown - pts retain their ability to blink & convey small amts of info - peripheral motor system is 1st to go; UMN & LMN affected - causes muscular impairment due to neurological origin |
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what is the neurological origin that causes ALS?
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- astrocytes proliferate and coupled w/scarring/sclerosis cause damage to lateral spinal column neurons
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what is the possible causes of this neurological problem that leads to ALS?
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- enzyme SOD1 on human genome
- uncontrolled glutamate levels - autoimmune disease |
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what are the major S/S of ALS?
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- 1st sign pts notices difficulty doing simple tasks
- weakness/atrophy - fasciculations: mm. twitching - dysphagia(dif swallowing) - dysarthria(dif speaking/forming words) - spasticity - hyper-reflexia |
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describe post-polio syndrome?
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- affects pts that survived polio 15 prior maybe upto 40yrs
- not life threatening and exercise told to give longterm benefits - meds only have short term effects w/side effects |
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s/s of post-polio syndrome
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- mainly pain
- fatigue - weaking of same mm. affected by polio w/progression of the disease - may show skeletal deformity(scoliosis) - atrophy - joint pain |
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describe huntingtons disease
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- 1 of 2 worst motor disease
- theres' loss in cognition - strongly linked to genetics - 1/2 way thru the disease, pt becomes vegetative - meds, exercise are fairly successful in only delaying progress |
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what is huntingtons diease caused by?
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- loss in cholinergic & GABA neurons
Popular notion: - excessive glutamate levels causing neurological cell death - conc of extracellular Ca2+ changes & causes cell injury - changes in cytoskeleton is considered good indicator - integrity of neural structure is compromised |
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s/s of huntingtons?
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- chemical imbalance caused depression
- mood swings - irritability - difficulty driving, remembering, learning - spatial memory loss so they can't recognize their surroundings - concentration |
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describe parkinsons disease
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- 2nd worst motor disease
- cognitive impairment - deterioration of substantia nigra - drastic loss of dopamine and dopamine producing cells |
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what are theories for real cause of this cause of parkinsons?
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- imbal of free radicals which leads to cell death
- MPPP mutates MPTP(opoid) - neuroleptic drugs - genetic mutations that affect oxidation/MPTP |
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s/s parkinsons?
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- tired (malaise)
- shaky - masked face w/o any expression - tremor - rigidity - bradykinesia(slow body mvmt) - postural instability - depression - dysphagia - urinary/constipation probs - skin probs (oily) - sleep probs ***must rule out all other diseases before dx this*** |
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how do meds affect parkinsons?
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- L-Dopa, levidopa, carbidopa combo delays severity of symptoms
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what is parkinsonism?
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- cond that produces symptoms like parkinson but there is no damage of the substantia nigra
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cause of parkinsonism?
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- drug usage
- blood vessel compromise(atherosclerosis) - exposure to toxins |
