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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What systems are involved in emotion and motivation? |
Hypothalamus, Limbic system, frontal lobes |
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What are androgens? |
Male hormones related to level of sexual interest |
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What role do chimosignals play? |
They play a central role in motivated and emotional behavior |
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Metabotropic activation of a specific G protein leads to... |
... an opening of sodium channels and a change in membrane potential |
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What are pheromones? |
Biochemicals released by one animal that acts as chemosignals and can affect the physiology or behavior of another animal |
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How are pheromones detected? |
They are detected by a special olfactoy receptor system known as the vomeronasal organ. |
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What is the umami receptor? |
It is a fifth taste receptor that is sensitive to glutamate |
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What cranial nerves form the main gustatory nerve, the solitary tact? |
Cranial nerves 7,9,10 |
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Areas in the right orbital cortex mediate the pleasantness of tastes, whereas... |
... the same region in the left hemisphere mediates the unpleasantness of tastes |
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What is the Innate Releasing Mechanism (IRM)? |
A hypothetical mechanism that detects specific sensory stimuli and directs an organism to take a particular action |
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What is a Reinforcer? |
In operant conditioning, any event that strengthens the behavior that it follows |
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What is the homeostatic mechanism? |
Process that maintains critical body functions with an narrow, fixed range |
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What is regulatory behavior? |
- Behavior motivated to meet the survival needs of the animal - Controlled by homeostatic mechanisms |
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What is the pituitary gland? |
- It's an endocirne gland attached to the bottom of the hypothalamus - Used in the secretions of hormones - Known to be associated with biological rhythms |
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What are the three regions of the hypothalamus? |
- The lateral region - The Medial region - The paraventricular region. |
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What is contained within the Lateral Region? |
It contains nuclei and the nerve tracts that connect the lower brainstem to the forebrain |
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What is the Medial Forebrain Bundle?(MFB) |
It is a tract that connects structures in the brainstem with various parts of the limbic system |
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What does the MFB form? |
It forms the activating projections from the brainstem to the basal ganglia and frontal cortex |
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What are the major hormones produced by the anterior pituitary? |
- Adrenocoticotrophic hormone (ACTH) - Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) - Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) - Luteinizing hormone (LH) - Prolactin - Growth Hormone (GH) |
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What are the factors in controlling hypothalamic hormone-related activity? |
- Feedback loops - Neural Regulation - Experiential Reponses |
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The primitive limbic cortex comprises... |
- Cingulate gyrus -Hippocampal formation -Parahippocampal cortex |
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What are the three components of Emotion? |
- Autonomic response (eg. increased heart rate) - Subjective feelings (eg. fear) - Cognitions (Thoughts about the experience) |
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Regulatory behaviors maintain... |
... vital body system balance, or homeostasis |
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Nonregulatory behaviors... |
... are not controlled by a homestatic mechanism |
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What happens when a lesion is made to the lateral hypothalamus when discussing eating habits? |
Aphagia occurs (failure to eat) |
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What happens when a lesion is made to the ventromedial hypothalamus or the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus when discussing eating habits? |
Over eating occurs |
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What is the difference between osmotic thirst and hypovolumic thirst |
- Osmotic thirst results from an increased concentration of chemicals, known as solutes, in body fluids. Drink water to restore ideal solute concentrations - Hypovolumic thirst is produced by a loss of overall fluid volume from the body. Drink fluids, other than water, to restore nutrients. |
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What does estradiol do? |
It masculinizes the male brain. |
