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75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Resting potential
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-70 mv
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Na+
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sodium
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Cl-
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chloride
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K+
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potassium
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Random motion
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ions in the neural tissue are in constant motion
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diffusion
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when a particle disperses to other areas, and does not stay concentrated to one area
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differential permeability of the membrane
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certain particles/ions can permeate the memberan easier than others
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ion channels
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specialized pores in the neural membrane where ions pass through
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amino acid neurotransmitters
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Glutamate, Asparatate, Glycine, GABA
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monoamine neurotransmitters
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catecholamines, indolomides
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catecholamines
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dopamine, epinephrine, norepinerphrine
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indolemides
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seratonin, tryptophan
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soluable gases
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nitric oxide, carbon monoxide
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acerylcholine
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acetylcholine, involved in muscle control
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neuropeptides
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large neurotransmitters, endorphines, other neuropeptides
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sodium potassium pumps
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transport mechanism that exchanges 3 inside sodium ions for 2 outside potassium ions
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electrostatic pressure
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like particles repel/ opposits attract
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EPSP
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excitatory post synaptic potentials
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IPSP
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inhibatory post synaptic potentials
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depolarization
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decrease the resting membrane potantial from -70 mv to -67 mv
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hyperpolarization
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increase the resting memrane from -70 to -72 mv
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post synaptic potenetials
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increse or decrese the likelihood that a neuron will fire
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graded
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weak signals elcits weak psp's / strong signals elicits strong psp's
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decrementally
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decrease in amplitude as they travel through the neuron
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transmitted rapidly
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instantaneous
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action potentials
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massive momentary reversal of the membrane potential from -70 mv to +50 mv
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threshold of excitation
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-65 mv
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all or none
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fires or doesnt - like a gun
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spatial summation
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integration of signals that occur on different sites of the neurons membrane, sum to form a greater signal
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temportal summation
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psp's produce in rapid succession at the same synapse on the neurons membrane, sum to forma greater signal
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autoreceptors
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located on the presynaptic memebrane, bind to their neurons own neurotransmitters molecule, controls neurotransmitter levels.
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dendric spine
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nodules of various shapes located on the surface of the dendrites, keeps postsynaptic chemical changes restricted to the area of the synapse
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pre synaptic memebrane
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house receptos
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post synaptic membrane
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house autoreceptors
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axoaxonic synapses
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mediate presynaptic inhibition, directed synapse
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axodendritic synapse
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directed synapse, synapses of axon termianl buttons on dendrites
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axosomatic synapse
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directed synapse, from the axon to the cell body
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presynaptic inhibition
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a form of inhibition that reduces a neurons responsiveness to specific synaptic input and is mediated by excitatory axoaxonal synapses
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postsynaptic inhibition
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a form of inhibition that reduces a neurons responsiveness to all excitatory inputs
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directed synapses
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axoaxonic, axosomatic, axodendritic
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nondirected synapses
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synapse is far from receptor site-string of beads synapes
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small molecule transmitters
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made in the cytoplasm of the terminal button, packaged in synaptic vessacles by the golgi complex and stored by the presynaptic membrane
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large molecule transmitters
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assembles in the cytoplsm of the cell body on ribosomes, packaged in vessacles by the cell bodies golgi complex and transported by microtubles to the terminal buttons- 40 cm per day
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ribosomes
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make large molecule neurotransmitter
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microtubles
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transport lage transmitters to the terminal button
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synaptic vesicles
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where neurotransmitters are stored
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golgi complex
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helps in packing the vesicles
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coexistence
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most buttons have large and small transmitters
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synaptic cleft
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the area between the button and the membrane
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exocytosis
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neurotransmitter release
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ca++
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voltage activated calcium channel that opens and allows calcium ions in, causing the synapitc vessacles to fuse with the presynaptic membrane
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receptors
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binding sites for neurotransmitters
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ionotropic receptor
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receptors that are associated wiht ligland channels
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metabotropic receptors
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receprots thatare associated wiht ion channels signal and G protiens
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G protiens
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produces ipsp, epsp or second messengers
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second messenger
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a chemical synthesized in a neuron in response to the binding of a neurotransmitter to a metabotropic receptor in its cell
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enzymes
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proties that break down neurotransmitters
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reuptake
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recycling of neurotransmitters
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glutamate
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excitatory , predominate
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GABA
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inhibatory neurotransmitter
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monoamine neurotransmitter
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synthesized from a single amino acid
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string of beads axons
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branched axons wiht many varicosites, diffues neurotnsmitters into the neurons extra cellual fluid in its membrane- nondirected synapse
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norephrinephrine
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converted state of l-dopa
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epinephrine
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converted state of norepinephrine
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tyrosine
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amino acid that is converted into l-dopa
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l-dopa
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will convert into dopamine wiht enzymes
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aceytlecholinesterase
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enzynme that breaks down acetylcholine
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souluble gass neurotransmitters
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not held in synaptic vessacles, can travel through cell walls
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nitric oxide
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affects blood pressure, penile erections- synthesized in the neurons
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dendroaxonic retrograde communication
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nitric oxide can flw back and fourth
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agonist
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inreses
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antagonist
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decreases
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atropine
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muscarinic recptionist
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nicotinic recptors
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works on the musics, causes paralasys
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GABA agonist
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benzodiazopines
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