Neuropsychology

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Brenda Milners work

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Neuropsychological testing, careful observation in generating hypotheses, dissassociation of the right and left hemispheres in perception and memory

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Clive Wearing

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Amnesia, living moment to moment, infection that damaged temporal and frontal lobes

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Historical roots of neuropsychology

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1960s-1970s, emerged from neurology in 20th century, movement from veterans returning with focaland non-focal forms of brain damage

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WW1 vetrans with focal and non focal brain damage

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Recognition of PTSD in 1980s, termed shell shock or battle fatigue

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Earilest focus on neuropsych was on

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Localising lesions and diagnosis.

Brain imaging techniques lead to a change in focus, now it is on cognitive and behavioural expression of brain damage and disease

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History of psychometrics

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From 1880s to current, focus on quantititive data, systematic observation and testing, impact of test characteristics on outcomes, age effects, intelligence impact of education and occupation

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History of intelligence assessment

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Established practises for standardised testing tools and techniques, use of normative datasets (how someone deviates from normal standards)

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Examples of statistical norms

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Percentile ranks, z scores, t scores, weschler IQ, Stanford Binet IQ, Stanine

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Standard battery approach to neuropsych assessment

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More ridgid to testing and scoring, yeilds staistical outcome to comparento norms, somewhat outdated

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Process approaches to neuropsych assessment

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Uses hypothesis testing and observational approaches, careful observation as well as normative data considered

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Topics covered in neuropsych assessments

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Cogniton (intellectual functioning, education and occupation level), general aspects of functioning (attention executive functioning, psychomotor speed), more specific domains (lanugage, visuospatial functions, memory, working memory, emotion processing)

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Type of assessment overall

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Patient, clinician, observer and performance outcomes

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Neuropsychological assessment focuses on

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Perfromance outcomes

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Apart from perfromance, neuropsych assessment focuses on

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Interview and questionnaires to determine how patient is feeling or what they think is wrong. Memory is the common complaint for cognitive ability

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What is this test

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Rey Complex Figure Test: copy, immediate recall and delayed recall

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What is this test?

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Stroop test: assesses executive control of interference (attention and cognitive flexibility)

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Verbal Memory tests

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List learning (what words on list and recognition of words), story memory (tell me the story)

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What is this test

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Line Bisection (assesses attention and awareness of visual field, unilateral spatial neglect). Place a line crossing though each line

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Neuropsychological report entails

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Record of observations, quantitative and qualitiative data, synthesis of results, reccomendations

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Who ises a neuropsych report

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Patient, family, teachers, other clinicans, legal representatives

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What is neuropsychological assessment

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The application of assessment principals based on the scientific study of human behaviour across the lifespan as it relates to normal and abnormal functioning of the central nervous system

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What do neuropsychologists do

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Study changes in thinking and behaviour arising from brain dysfunction (head injury, epilepsy, neurological disease and stroke, drug and alcohol disorders etc)

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Neuropsychological treatments

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Behvaiour therapy, CBT, relaxation therapy and mindfulness, lifestyle interventions