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71 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the Central Sulcus
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Also called the groove and is the area that splits the front and back of the brain
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What does the Primary Auditory Cortex do?
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Receives raw auditor information
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What does the Auditory Association Cortex do?
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It puts auditory information into context.
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What does the Primary Visual Cortex do?
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Receives raw visual information
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What does the Visual Association Cortex do?
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It puts visual information into context
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What does the Primary Motor Cortex do?
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Sends out raw motor information to the spinal cord
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What does the Premotor Cortex do?
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It plans motor movements
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What does the Prefrontal Cortex do?
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It does higher brain functions such as: Logic, reasoning, consciousness, decission making
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Where is the Hypothalamus located?
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In the middle of the brain.
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What does the Hypothalamus do?
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It controls and regulates tyhe vital functions such as: Thirst, Hunger, body temp., osmolarity, and blood pressure
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Where is the Thalamus located?
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Just above the Hypothalamus in the middle of the brain.
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What does the Thalamus do?
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It is a relay station and fliter
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Where is the Pituitary located?
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Just under the Hypothalamus.
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What is the dark gray matter in the spinal cord?
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It is the cell bodies of the axons and some dendrites
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What is the white matter in the spinal cord?
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Mostly axons that are wrapped in fat (Gilia cells)
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Dorsal means?
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the back side
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The Dorsal Horn is made up of?
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Dark matter which is cell bodies.
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The Dorsal Column is made up of?
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White matter which is cell axons and fat.
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The horn is in general made up of?
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Dark gray matter
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The Column is in general made up of?
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White matter.
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Ventral means?
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The front
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The spinal nerve has how many roots?
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2 Roots
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What are the names of the tow roots of the spinal nerve?
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the Dorsal root ganglion and the ventral root ganglion.
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What does the Dorsal root do?
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It allows sensory neurons to carry sensory information to the spinal cord.
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What does the Ventral root do?
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It allows motor neurons to carry AWAY motor sensory away from the spinal cord.
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The ventral root has what type of neurons?
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motor neurons.
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The dorsal root has what type of neurons?
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sensory neurons.
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What type of neuron cells are motor neurons?
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multipolar cells
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What type of neuron cells are the sensory neurons?
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Unipolar cells
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Sensory information is also called?
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Afferent which means to carry to.
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Motor information is also called?
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Efferent which means to carry out.
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What protects the CNS?
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Meninges
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What are the three Meninges?
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1. pia mater
2. Arachnoid mater 3. Dura mater |
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Is Pia Mater thick or thin and how close is it to the brain?
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it is thin only one cell thick and is the closest layer to the brain.
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Is arachnoid mater thick or thin and how close is it to the brain?
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It is medium thick and is the second layer closest to the brain with the subarachnoid space between it and the Pia Mater.
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What is the Subarachnoid space made up of?
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a fluid that is bathing the brain called Cerebral Spinal Fluid, which is constantly circulating.
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What is the thickest layer around the brain?
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The Dura Mater
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What is Sensation?
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Stemuli causing an effect on a sensory neuron, causing it to fire or stop firing.
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What is Perception?
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The brain being consciously aware of a sensation.
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What is Senses?
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Detecting external stimuli
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What are the 10 senses we went over?
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Vision, Olfaction(smell), Gustation(taste), Audition(hearing), Vestibular system, Touch, Thermoreception, Nociception, Propricoception, Itching
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What are the 4 types of uses that Senses have?
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Thermoreceptors
Photoreceptors Mechanoreceptors Chemoreceptors |
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What sense(s) detects light?
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Vision
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What sense(s) detects Chemicals?
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Olfaction, Gustation
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What sense(s) detects Sound Waves?
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Audition
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What sense(s) detects Acceleration?
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Vestibular system
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What sense(s) detects Pressure on the skin?
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Touch
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What sense(s) detects temperature?
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Thermorecption
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What sense(s) detects Tissue Damage?
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Nociception
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What sense(s) detects Where limbs are, muscle length, tention?
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Proprioception
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What sense(s) detects Irritants?
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Itch
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What sense(s) uses Thermoreceptors, chemoreceptors and mechanoreceptiors?
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Nociception
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What are the bumps on the tongue called?
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Papillae
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What does Papillae do?
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Provide friction and contain taste buds.
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Taste buds contain what type of neurotransmitters?
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Glutamate
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The taste pore of the taste bud has what type of cell inside?
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taste receptor cells
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Are taste receptor cells neurons?
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No
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Each papellae has how many taste buds?
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100-200
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Each taste bud has how many taste receptor cells?
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50-100
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The average person has how many taste buds?
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2000 - 5000
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Why are taste receptor cells not neurons?
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They have no axon and don't fire action potentials.
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How is glutamate released from the taste receptor cell?
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A chemical causes transduction of the taste receptor cell causing depolerization and the Ca2+ V-gated channel to open flooding the cell and causing the release of the synaptic vesicle carrying glutamate.
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What is Transduction?
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The converting of a stimuli into a response from a neuron or taste receptor cell.
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Salty taste is from?
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Na+ leak channels on the taste receptor cell.
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Taste receptor cells respond to how many basic tastes?
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at least 2
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Sour taste is from?
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detection of H+ (acid)
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Sweet taste is from?
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detection of a sweet family of molecules and is performed by 2nd messenger
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Bitter 1
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Detection of Bitter 1 family of molecules 2nd messenger
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Bitter 2
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Detection of bitter 2 family of molecules (binds 2nd messenger is activated changing PIP to IP3 and opening Vessicle filled with Ca2+)
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Umami
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Glutamate (amino acid) attaches to v gate and Na+ floods the sell.
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How does the brian know what the taste is?
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Through the use of the Gustatory Afferent neuron (carry to) which sends the population coding signals to the brain. the Brain listens to all neurons and there pattern and responds as such. (it looks at the overall firing pattern)
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