Neuropharmacology- Sedative Hypnotics

Front 1

What are current uses for barbituates? What are the barbs?

Back 1

Preoperative sedation, hypnotic sleep induction, ER management of siezures, anticonvulsants, IV anesthesia. Phenobarbitol (h,ac), pentobarbitol(h,sed,ER), thiopentol(anes)

Front 2

What are actions of barbitutates on CNS?

Back 2

Depress CNS by acting on RF, incr pain perception, peridoxical excitement of children and elderly, OD causing resp depressn, hypothermia, hypotsn, circulatory collapse

Front 3

What are the pharmacological actions of barbs?

Back 3

CNS depression, inhibition of ganglionic transmission causing decr BP, inhibition of GI/urinary sm muscle, induction of certain P450s, induce dependence and addiction

Front 4

What are major pharmacological actions of benzos along w/ doses they occur at (H-high, M-moderate, L-low)?

Back 4

Antianxiety-L, Conscious sedation-M, Muscle relaxation-M, Anti-convulsant-M, Sleep induction-H, memory impairment-dose-related

Front 5

What are the advantages of benzos over older sedative-hypnotics? What are the disadvantages?

Back 5

BZDs have higher TI so safer in OD w/ less CNS depression, clear anxiolytic effect, skeletal muscle relaxant, no liver P450 induxn. Disadvantage: physical dependence

Front 6

What is mechanism of action of BZDs?

Back 6

facilitate the action of GABA by increasing opening of Cl channels in response to GABA

Front 7

What are the general effects of sedative-hypnotics on short term sleep? What about taking them longer then a week?

Back 7

Short term: decrease sleep latency, increase stage 2, decrease stage 3,4,REM, decrease nocturnal wakenings, increase total sleep time. Longer than week: decr total sleep time, incr wakenings, early wakenings and anxiety, incr stage2... decr3,4,REM

Front 8

Most sedative-hypnotics increase light stages of sleep (stage 2) and decrease heavy stages (3,4). What are exceptions?

Back 8

BZD agonists: Zolpidem, Zaleplon, Escopiclone