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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a result of all of these:
Vascular disease (including multi-infarct dementia) Parkinson’s disease Pick’s disease Huntington’s disease Normal pressure hydrocephalus Metabolic diseases, including Vitamin B12 deficiency, Chronic drug intoxication, hypothyroidism, and alcoholism Infectious causes, including HIV, neurosyphilis, and bacterial meningitis Major depression |
Dementia
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What does accelerated neuron and synapse loss lead to?
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Dementia
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What disease group is associated with spongiform encephalopathy?
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Prion disease
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What happens to make a NFT? Are they intracellular or extra?
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breakdown of cell cytoskeleton
intracelluar |
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Where are senile plaques often found? are these intra- or extra-cellular?
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associate with areas of memory and higher function (hippocampus, cerebral cortex)
extra-cellular |
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In general, what are the two predominant theories for the cause of Alzheimer's?
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1) cholinergic
2) amyloid |
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What are some common findings in a brain of a pt with Trisomy 21?
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Small brain with abnormal gyral pattern
Decreased neuronal populations Abnormality of neuronal structure |
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What is at the core of plaques that stain congo red?
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Amyloid
recall: NFT = intracellular; plaques = extracellular |
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In the anti-cholingeric theory where is there a deficit of cholinergic neurons generally? specifically?
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basal ganglia
NBM |
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What gene on Chromosome 19 is associated with late-onset Alzheimers?
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ApoE4
Note: Chromosome 14 linked to early-onset AD, but very rare |
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What is the prevalence of sporadic vs. familial Alzheimer's?
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90% sporadic
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What is the disease of progressive dementia in middle or late life, with a higher incidence in males, and associated with atrophy of the frontal and temporal lobes?
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Pick's Disease
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Is there an overlap in Parkinson's and formation of Lewy bodies?
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Yes, 30% of Parkinson's pts have LBs
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In what condition would you see SNc degeneration like PD, but NFT instead of LBs?
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Progressive Suprnuclear Palsy
(vertical gaze palsy, postural instabilty, dysphagia/dysarthria(swallowing/talking)) |
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What disease causes atrophy of the caudate and dorsal putamen?
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Huntington's
Sx: Chorea, progressive dementia unstable repeats on Cr 4 |
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Is cognitive function retained in ALS (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis)?
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yes
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What disease presents with atrophic weakness of hands and forearms, slight spasticity of the legs, and generalized hyperreflexia, with normal sensation. And degeneration of anterior horn cells and lower brainstem motor nuclei with gliosis?
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ALS (a disease of both UMN and LMN)
-->cognitive function retained |
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Which disease shows the dying of purkinjie cells? what "supplies" the purkinjie? what is this called?
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Olivopontocerebellar atrophy
Climbing fibers from olivary nucleus "dying-back" of axons |
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In which disease are the dorsal/posterior columns destroyed?
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Fredreich's Ataxia
*Dorsal Column = Sensory Ataxia (most common spastic hereditary ataxia) |
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What lesions/plaques do you see in Alzheimer's?
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NFTs and senile plaques
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what makes up senile plaques?
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b-amyloid
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In what disease do you see "knife blade" atrophy?
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Pick's disease
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Are Lewy bodies intracellular or extracellular? what disease are they common see in conjunction with?
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intracellular
Parkinson's |
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What is the second most common cause of dementia?
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DLB
#1 is AD |
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Is Alzheimer's Disease a pathological diagnosis?
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Yes (NFT and Senile Plaques) in addition to atrophy
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