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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What type of infection is Acute Pyogenic Meningits? What are the clinical and pathological signs?
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bacterial
Increased pressure Increased polymorphonuclear leukocytes Increased protein Decreased glucose |
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What are the causes of acute pyogenic meninigitis?
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Neonate - Escherichia coli
Infants and Children - Hamemophilus influenza Adolescents and Young Adults - Neisseria meningitidis Adults and Post-Traumatic - Pneumococcus |
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What type of infection is Lymphocytic Meningitis? What are the pathological signs?
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Viral
Lymphocytic pleocytosis Moderate protein elevation Glucose nearly normal *perivascular and parenchymal mononuclear cell infiltrates (lymphocytes, plasma cells and macrophages) glial nodules neuronophagia inclusion bodies |
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What is neuronophagia? Which disorder do you see it in?
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microglia/macrophages eating neurons
*Acute Lymphocytic meningitis |
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What is the tx for viral meningitis?
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supportive, no real meds, wait for immune system to kick in
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Where does chronic meningitis usually manifest?
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base of the brain, extending into lateral sulci
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In which disease do you see obliterative endarteritis (intima of vessel proliferates and blocks vessel)?
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Chronic meningitis
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What pathology is often associated with acute bacterial endocarditis, cyanotic congenial heart disease and chronic plumonary sepsis?
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Brain abscess
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What are the four syndromes caused by HIV?
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1.acute meningitis or encephalitis
2. subacute encephalitis 3. vacuolar myelopathy (spinal cord) 4. peripheral neuropathy |
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From what virus do you sometimes see thin microglial "stab cells"?
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HIV
also see multi-nucleated giant cells, but NOT inclusion bodies |
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Do you see inclusion bodies in HIV syndromes?
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no
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What type (causes) of syndromes do you see taxoplasmosis?
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immunosuppression
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What is the "virulence" of prion diseases? how do they persist?
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Extremely resilient
the protein actually serves as a promoter for it's own gene (recall, from eating human brains) |
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What type of disease is Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease? how do some people die from this?
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Prion disease (new variant is mad cow --> cows fed sheep brains)
insomnia |
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*What is thought to be the pathology behind Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease? What are the clinical symptoms/progression?
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rapidly progressing dementia
accumulation of prion protein in brain (white bubbles), kill of neurons --> dementia |
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In general, what is the etiology of MS believed to be?
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auto-immune
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Where does the demyelination generally occurs in MS?
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peri-ventricular
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What is "characteristic" of MS demyelination?
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sharp demarcation of normal/abnormal
note: myelin usually stained blue in these views |
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What is meant by MS is perivascular?
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starts around veins
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** Does MS cause axonal injury?
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NO. only demyelin,
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What are the two most known MS variants?
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Devic's Disease: exclusive demyelination of optic chiasm and spinal cord
Balo's Concentric Sclerosis |
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What is the tx for GBS?
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supportive
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* What can cause central pontine demyelination?
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increasing Na+ level too quickly
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* What is a leukodystrophy?
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abnormal formation/production of myelin
e.g. adrenoleukodystrophy, metachromatic leukodystrophy |
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What is a common storage disease in children?
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Tay Sachs
others: Nieman Pick |
