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125 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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dendrites
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receives messages from other neurons
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synapses
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special connections with other cells
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myelin sheath
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covers axons
acts like plasic over wire cords |
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axon foot
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turns the signal into a chemical one to transefer to the next neuron
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neuron cell body
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- O-------< - it's the O, holds the nucleus |
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what has to happen for an impulse to start
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enough transmitters have to lock onto the dendrites
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what do drugs do
where do they lock |
act as false impuses
lock onto dendrites and stay on because enzymes con't break them off |
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what are the three kinds of neurons
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sensory
motor CNS (brain ans spine) |
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when chemicals come in contact with the surface of the neuron they
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change the balance of the ions and initiates the exchange of ions
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where do the ions come in and out
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the axon
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what happens to allow sodium into the cell
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NEUROTRANSMITTERS HAVE TO LOCK ONTO THE DENDRITES
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where are synapses and what travels across them
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they are at the ends of the axons, neurotransmitters sail across them into the dendrties of the next cell
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what hits the dendrites to make the action potential process start
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neurotransmitters
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what happens when nueron transmitters hit dendrites
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the action potential starts all over again
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what are sensory neurons
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on skin, skin, muscles, joints, and organs, in ear and eye, that indicate pressure and allow for sight and taste and hearing and touch
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what are motor neurons
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stimulate muscles
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what is the PNS
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peripheral nervous system
sensory and motor neurons |
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the sensory neurons send info to the ________ which interperates the information and sends to the __________which creates the response
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CNS
motor |
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what is stimulus in reference to response
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stimulus is the info that comes in and response is the result
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what does the release of neurotransmiters follow
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the action potential response
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do myelinated sections of the axons repond with action potential?
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no, so the ions move in and out of the nodes ranvier
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un myelinated sections of the axon that let ions in and out
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what are nodes of ranvier
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how longs are neurons
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as long as 3ft
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what are nerves
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bundles of neurons
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what colors are nerves
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white because of myelin layer
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what is the difference between the grey and white matter
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melin layer vs. none
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what is origional charge of the inside of a neuron
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negative
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what is the origional charge of the outside of a neuron
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positive
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I just got stabbed, take me thru the process of feeling it and response
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dendrites of nerves nder the skin pick up, sodium rushes in, changes the charges +in and - out, then the K go out, reestablish the charges form before
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originally what ion is in and which is out
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in K
out Na |
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what is the ratio of Na out to K in
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3:2
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the thicker the neuron bundle the
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more messages sent,
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what is depolarization
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when sodium rushes in---occurs
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what is re polarization
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when sodium leaves, when neurons preparing for next impulse
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what is the most common neurotrans
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acetylcoline
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what kind of matter is the brain
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grey matter
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what parts of brain arent' gray?
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pons /medula
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where is the only place that Na can get in or out
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the nodes of ranvier
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why does impulse travel faster on grey matter
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impulses can jump around
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what is autonomic response
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subconcious
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sympathetic systems.
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Its general action is to mobilize the body's resources under stress; to induce the flight-or-fight response.
adrenaline , blood flow off stomach |
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parasympathetic nevous system
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calms down sypathetic, stops adrenaline and gets youback to normal, when you find scary not scary
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what is under control of the concious nervous system
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cognitave, language, memory
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what is your olest sense
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nose
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what brain controls vocals
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brocas brain on the left side
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what brain lets us understand language
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wernikes area
on left behind ear |
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what does the cerebellum do
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back brain, fro balance and auditory
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what is the inside of your ear and what does it tell us
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cochlea, tells us how we are standing
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not full seizures
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pedimentall
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how do brain waves act during a sizure
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not chaotic
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pituitary gland
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master gland
makes many hormones |
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blood pressure control
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hypothalamus
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as a baby you have _____ not bone
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cartilage
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when you are 4-5 what happens to the cartilage
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ossification
turns to bone |
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suture
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when bones come together
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why are bones honeycombed
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less mass and gives more internal strength
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what holds a bone together at a joint
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ligament
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what are the 4 kinds of joints
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ball and socket-shoulder/hip
pivot/hinge-elbow/knee one way ellipsoid/gliding- neck /wrist saddle joint--opposible thumb |
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ball and socket
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shoulder and hip
a ball-like knob at the end of it, and the knob fits into a cup-like space on the other side. 360 |
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pivot
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neck
rotation |
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hinge joint
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knee/elbow one way
like a hinge |
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ellipsoid joint
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flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, and circumduction are allowed; but no axial rotation.
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saddle
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flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, and circumduction are allowed; but no axial rotation.
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bone to bone
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ligament
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bone to muscle
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tendon
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why is the lower back a problem
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all gravity and force pushing on that.
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residual muscle tension
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tone
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even if you are relaxed what happens with muscles
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atp used to keep kinda tense
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origin
opposite insertion |
where muscle is attached to the bone, a bone that doesn't move
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insertion
origin |
radius,
bone that does move |
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adductor
opp abductor |
muscles moving IN LINE
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abductor
opp adductor |
muscles moving from body
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extensor
opp flexor |
straightening or extending
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flexor
opp extensor |
bring it in
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what is rigor mortiss and when does it kick in
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Note that it rigor mortis is a condition where this cycle stops before this step occurs. Rigor mortis happens because after a person dies, they stop making ATP. So no ATP is available to free the myosin from the actin. Therefore, myosin stays attached to actin and muscles become rigid.
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what and where is the
SARCOPLASMIC RETICLUM |
outside the myofibril
controls the release of calcium |
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muscle anatomy form largest to smallest
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epimysium
fasciciulus (covering) endomysium (between coverings sarcolemma and inside plasm then myofibril |
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epimysium
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outer mucsle covering
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fasciculus
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right inside the epimysium, covers the groups
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epimysium
fasciculus |
endomysium
sarcolemma sarcoplasm sarcoplasmic ret. myofibril sarcomere |
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what is an impulse
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the wave of depolarization caused by ions across a neuron
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wwhich gate closes first
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the potassium gate closes first
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which gate closes 2nd
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the sodium gate 2nd, causing K+ ions to rush out of the neuorn
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synapse
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junction between 2 neurons, an empty space that
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where is the pituitary gland located
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between eyes
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what is epilepsy controlled by
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corpus collasum
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minor seizures
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pedimental
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where is the hypothalamus and what does it do
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above pituitary
conncts nervous and circulatory system |
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what controls your blood pressure
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hypothalamus
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you send hormaones for two reasons
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because of a signal
to cause a signal |
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endometrium
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lining of uterus that is regrown every month
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folicile
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space left in ovary when matured egg leaves very month
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corpus lutiem
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develops from a follicle after FSH makes a matured egg leave
secretes progesterone and estrogen which thicken endomitrium and stop FSH and luetinizing hormone |
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estrogen
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promotes development of secondary sex characteristics
and endometrium growth |
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progesterone
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as long as it is produced the endometrium is thickening, a decrease of it causes labor secreted by corpus lutem
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oestrogens
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hormones produced by overies that controls growth of 2ndary sex char. and regulates ovulation
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what controls ovulation
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hypothalamus
anterior pituitary |
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lutenizing hormone
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triggers ovaluation and the formation of the corpus lutem
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as long as progesterone is produced what is not
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FSH, preparing to use one egg, not need any others
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prolactin
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triggers the milk making from mammary glands
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what is produced by the corpus lutem
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progesterone and estrogen which [re[are egg and body fpr [regency
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ACTH
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triggers cortisone
made in [tiuitary |
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oxytocin
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triggers labor
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thymus gland
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in chest,
protective system that allows you to build immunities |
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why is the thymus gand bigger when you are a baby
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you need mrore immunities
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pancreas
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below stomach, makes insulin in the islets of langerhanns
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islets of langerhanns
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the place in the pancreas that makes hormones like insulin
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insulin
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allows sugar to enter the cell thru facilitated diffusion
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glucagon
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takes starch from liver and turns it to sugar and gives it to body in need
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sex glands
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gonads
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gonadotrophins
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sex hormones
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testosterone
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made in testes growth of 2ndary sex char.
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tua tara 3rd eye connected to the
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pineal gland in brain
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the pineal gland
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in brain, associated with body rhythms, sleep makes melatoninwhich helps with jet lag
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tsh
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regulates the thyroid gland
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the thyroid gland
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regulates how body grows, uses hormones, uses energy, metabolism
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endocrine system
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like the nervous system, uses chemical signals (hormones) to communicate to other body parts
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are end hormones faster or slower than nervous impulses
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slower, speed of blood
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endo hormones are delivered to
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all parts of the body
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hormones can control long or short term functions
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both
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hormones interact with each other how
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they can initiate or inhibit the production of others
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what contrrols the body temp
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the thyroid gland
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negative feed back ex.
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too hot, cut back TSH
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what is the one non hormonal function of the pancreas
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secretion of digestive juices via the pancreatic duct
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where is adrenaline produced
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in the adrenal gland, over the kidney, in the medul
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