Neurons And Glia

Front 1

Names of Neuron cell bodies

Back 1

Soma, perikaryon, cell body

Front 2

Gene Promoter Region

Back 2

The region where the RNA-polymerase binds to initiate transcription.

Front 3

Transcription factors

Back 3

proteins that regulate the binding of RNA polymerase to the promoter region.

Front 4

Introns

Back 4

regions of DNA interspersed in genes that do not code for proteins.

Front 5

Exons

Back 5

Coding sequences of DNA in genes

Front 6

RNA splicing

Back 6

processing of RNA after transcription to remove introns and where the remaining exons are fused together. In some cases, specific exons are also removed with introns leaving alternatively spliced mRNA that actually encodes a different protein.

Thus transcription of a single gene can ultimately give rise to several different mRNA and protein products.

Front 7

human gene number

Back 7

25000

Front 8

nervous system disorders may be caused by

Back 8

1. gene copy number variation that is produce during fertilization causing proteins to be under or over expressed.

2. Mutations

Front 9

transgenic organisms

Back 9

genes have been introduced and overexpressed, with the new genes being called transgenes

Front 10

knock-in-mice

Back 10

native gene is replaced with a modified transgene.

Front 11

neuron Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Back 11

Neurons are full of rough ER, far more than glial cells. This is the major site or protein synthesis.

Front 12

Smooth ER

Back 12

Sight of membran bound proteins are processed and folded. Also sight of phopholipid production and steroid hormones.

Front 13

Golgi

Back 13

site of post-translational protein processing, sorting of certain proteins that are destined for delivery to different parts of the cell. Such as to the axons and dendrites of nerve cells.

Front 14

mitochondrion, plural mitochondria

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outer membrane, enclosed inner membrane with multiple folds called cristae, with an inner space called matrix

home of the kreb cycle and ETC within the cristae

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Cytoskeleton

Back 15

gives cells characteristic shape, inclues microtubules microfilaments neurofilaments.

Front 16

Microtubules

Back 16

relatively large and run longitudinally down neurites. composed of tubulin.