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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does denervation mean?
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Loss of nerve supply to a muscle. This leads to paralysis of that muscle.
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Is there functional regeneration in the CNS?
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NO
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How fast does regeneration occur?
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Rate of ~1.5 mm per day.
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If lesion (damage site) is BELOW the decussation of the medulla then the UMN will show signs/symptoms on what side of the body in relation to the lesion site?
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SAME side of body (ipsilateral)
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If the lesion is ABOVE the decussation then the UMN symptoms will be on what side of the body in relation to the lesion site?
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OPPOSITE side of body (contralateral)
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What is rapid, neurogenic type of muscle atrophy called?
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Denervation atrophy
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Decreased muscle tone
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Hypotonia
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UMN lesion
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synapses on the LMN
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LMN lesion
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Synapses on the skeletal muscle
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Increased muscle tone
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hypertonia
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Name 3 UMN paralysis
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-Quadripalegia (all 4 limbs) level of cord injury C5-T1
-Paraplegia (2 lower limbs) level of cord injury , below T1 -Hemiplegia (upper and lower limbs of the same side) injury above T2 |
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What is quadriplegia?
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-Quadripalegia (all 4 limbs) level of cord injury C5-T1
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What is paraplegia?
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-Paraplegia (2 lower limbs) level of cord injury , below T1
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What is hemiplegia?
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-Hemiplegia (upper and lower limbs of the same side) injury above T2
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Name some appearances that show a positive sign for UMN lesions
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Positive Babinski sign
Hoffman's sign |
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What type of paralysis is found in UMN lesion?
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Spastic paralysis
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Sensory testing for protopathic pathway
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Needle tap in skin (sharp or dull)
-Warm VS cold temp |
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Sensory testing for intermediate pathway
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Cotton/feather (light touch)
Point to where touched |
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Sensory testing for epicritic pathway
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2 point tactile discrimination
Conscious proprioception Romberg's test |
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Sensory loss with peripheral nerve lesion
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tendencey to lose all sensations NUMBNESS of skin, decreased muscle sensation
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Features of LMN lesion
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flaccid muscle paralysis, possible deformity, rapid muscle atrophy, possible change in body contour, decreases deep tendon reflexes, change in response of muscle to electrical stim, appearance of fibrillation (EMG)
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Lesion of the lateral spinothalamic tract on one side results in what?
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Results in loss of pain and temperature from OPPOSITE or contralateral side of body
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Brown Sequard Syndrome includes damage to what?
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-Lateral corticospinal tract
-Dorsal columns -Lateral spinothalamic tract |
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Disruption of reticulospinal fibers descending in the cord to activate preganglionic sympathetic neurons in the intermediolateral cell column
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Horner's syndrome
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Horner's syndrome includes ipsilateral symptoms such as?
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Miosis, ptosis, anyydrosis
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Central cavitation of cord, compresses crossing fibers in anterior white commissure. Results in bilateral loss of pain and temperature, usually Upper limbs
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Syringomyelia
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Dorsal column disease, results in bilateral loss of epicritic sensation including 2 part tactile discrimination, conscious proprioception and vibration, difficulty walking, esp without visual guidance, positive Romberg test
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poliomyelitis
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aka ALS, Lou Gehrig's diesase; involves both LMNs and UMNs (corticospinal tract), either component may dominate the clinical picture
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Anterior Spinal Artery Occlusion
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gaitformation of lesions of demyelination or plaques in white matter of CNS
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Multiple sclerosis
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What disease is a consequence of neurosyphilis?
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Tabes dorsalis
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Signs and symptoms of Tabes Dorsalis includes what?
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locomotor ataxia (pt walks in with wide unsteady gait. pt's eyes are glued to ground and stamps his/her feet when walking)
Sensory (pt has impaired vibration and position sense in legs and feet, complains of lightning pains most freq in legs) Motor (muscle power usually normal) Reflexes (absent patellar and achilles deep tendon reflexes) Signs - Positive for Romberg's |
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If you're positive for Romberg's test, what does this mean?
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Dorsal column disease
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