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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is an infection in the meninges called?
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Meningitis
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What is an infection in the epidural/subdural space called?
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Empyema
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What is an infection in the parenchyma called?
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Abscess
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1.Empyema's are commonly caused by what?
2.What is the best modality for choice of diagnosis? |
1.Otorhinologic infection
2.MRI |
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What are the 3 predisposing factors for meningitis?
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1.Sinusitis
2.Chronic pulmonary infection 3.Tetrology of Fallot (congenital heart disease) |
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Why should a spinal tap be done instead of a CT or MRI for the initial diagnosis of meningitis?
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CT and MRI are normal initially--unless flaming meningitis.
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What does a cerebral abscess show in imaging?
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-Ring enhancing lesion with mass effect.
-Has surrounding edema. |
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With a ring enhancing lesion in the parenchyma, what are the 3 differential diagnosis?
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1.Abscess
2.Tumor 3.resolving hematoma |
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How is an abscess differentiated from a tumor?
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Biopsy--lots of PMNs and bacteria mean that its an abscess.
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Assuming the patient has not had any head trauma, an air collection within a ring-enhancing lesion would guide you more towards what?
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Abscess!
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1.Aseptic Meningitis
2.HA 3.Fever 4.Altered Mental Status*** 5.Focal/diffuse neurologic deficit What's the cause? |
Herpes Encephalitis!
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How does herpes encephalitis spread?
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Reactivation in trigeminal nerve ganglion-->trigeminal nerve has connections right to the temporal lobe--this is where you will find the virus!
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1.Seen in immunocompromised.
2.Progressive demyelinating disorder, associated with a virus. 3.MRI findings not specific, causes white matter changes 4.When patients are diagnosed don't do well, usually die within a year. |
Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML)
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How is Lyme Disease treated?
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Tetracycline
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What does one have to know to differentiate between Lyme Disease and MS?
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Pts. age and history.
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1.Seen more in an AIDs population
2.Occurs from reactivation of a latent infection 3.It can cause infarction or abscess formation 4.Most often involves the basal ganglia, white matter, and periventricular regions 5.It's a ring-enhancing lesion just like an abscess would be. 5.*****Main differential diagnosis is LYMPHOMA** What's the cause? |
Toxoplasmosis
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1.GI tract-->Blood-->Brain
2.Clinical Presentation: confusion, dementia 3."swiss cheese appearance" |
cysticercosis
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1.Where does vertebral osteomyelitis typically occur?
2.What is it commonly caused by? |
1.Lumbar, Thoracic Spine
2.Staph Aurues |
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What are the 3 routes of infection of vertebral osteomyelitis?
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1.contiguous
2.hematogenous 3.post-operative |
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What diagnostic exam is both sensitive and specific for vertebral osteomyelitis?
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MRI
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What structures does vertebral osteomyelitis involve?
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2 adjacent vertebral bodies and disk space.
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What type of scan?
-Works by taking radioactive molecular and attach it to another molecule? -This molecule basically goes wherever bone is being repaired. -Incorporates itself into bone repair -Anything that is bright means there is activity and uptake=something is wrong |
Nuclear Medicine Bone Scan
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