Neuro/musc. Pharma

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Side effect of phenytoin (Dilantin)

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Aplastic anemia

*could result in hemorrhage related to decreased platelets

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Blood dyscrasias are a common side effect of

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most anticonvulsants

Ie. phenytoin (Dilantin)

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Phenytoin (Dilantin) is most effective in controlling

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tonic-clonic seizures

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A steady state of Dilantin requires at least

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7-10 days

*Interruption of dosage can result in the return of seizures (important to maintain for high risk procedures)

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In Parkinson's disease, the disorder is characterized by

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a deficiency of dopamine

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Medication for Parkinson's disease

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Levodopa (L-Dopa)

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Levodopa (L-Dopa) restores

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dopamine

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Neurofibrillary tangles are more prominent in the client with

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Alzheimer's disease

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Med for Alzheimer's disease

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donepezil (Aricept)

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Barbiturates (ie phenobarbital) may decrease absorption and increase metabolism of

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oral anticoagulants

Ie. warfarin (Coumadin)

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Think of barbiturates as an adversary to

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anticoagulant therapy

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This drug relaxes peripheral muscles at the spinal level as well as in the brain stem at the reticular formation level

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diazepam (Valium)

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effective anticonvulsant to treat status epilepticus

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diazepam (Valium)

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This drug may induce seizures in clients with a seizure disorder

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morphine sulfate (MS)

*especially true with the addition of the stress of surgery

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This med causes hyperplasia of the gums

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phenytoin (Dilantin)

*emphasize oral hygiene

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side effects of phenobarbital sodium (Luminal)

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Loss of appetite or persistent fatigue

*CNS depressant

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methylphenidate (Ritalin) side effects

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insomnia, nervousness, and palpitations

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a predicted outcome of phenytoin (Dilantin)

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Controls nerve impulses originating in the motor cortex.

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This med reduces voltage, frequency, and spread of electrical discharges within the motor cortex

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phenytoin (Dilantin)

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Contraindicated with benztropine (Cogentin)

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Over-the-counter medications containing alcohol (another CNS depressant)

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If insomnia develops when taking this med, contact the home health nurse

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donepezil hydrochloride (Aricept)

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common side effect of donepezil hydrochloride (Aricept)

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Insomnia

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To determine the effectiveness of tacrine (Cognex)

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Assess for reduction in disturbed thought processes

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tacrine (Cognex) should result in

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an increase in organization of the client's thought patterns

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Side effects of tacrine (Cognex)

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diarrhea and vomiting

*parasympathomimetic, stimulation of the GI tract is likely to occur

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may intensify the actions of amitriptyline hydrochloride (Elavil)

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Cimetidine (Tagamet HB)

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may increase the levels of Elavil in the blood causing seizures, tachycardia, hypertension, or toxicity

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Cimetidine (Tagamet HB)

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possible side effects of anticholinergic medications (given to a client with Parkinson's)

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reduced secretory functions reduced functions of anal and urethral sphincters
dry mouth
constipation
urinary retention or hesitancy

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phenytoin (Dilantin) inhibits

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the absorption of folic acid in foods

*often prescribed with a folic acid supplement

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If taking carbamazepine (Tegretol) for seizures

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Schedule a bone density examine periodically (esp. women)

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Relate carbamazepine (Tegretol) with

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osteoporosis and older adult females

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diazepam (Valium) half life and risks

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half-life of 20-50 hours
risk of life-threatening side effects: cardiovascular collapse and laryngospasms

*family membersneed to be aware of the signs/symptoms of side effects

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Ergotamine tartrate (Ergomar) is used to

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abort migraine headaches

*not recommended for prophylaxis. side effects: gangrene of the nose, seizures, nausea/vomiting and many others

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Given to establish balance between dopaminergic and cholinergic activities

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levodopa (Dopar)

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Priority of care: Closed head trauma

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bolus of mannitol (Osmitrol) IV 2 mg/kg

*to reduce ICP

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To prevent muscle spasms

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cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril)

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A seizure disorder is managed primarily by

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The client. Hence, knowledge is paramount.

*Meds must be taken appropriately

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For Huntington's disease

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Thiothixene HCL (Navane)