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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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How do we remeber sensory vs. motor?
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Premotor are in brain is anterior. So ventral/anterior surface is motor too.
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Nerve Size Consequences on
1.Speed 2.Anesthesia 3.Anoxia |
1.Bigger=faster
2.Bigger=slow diffusing 3.Bigger=slow oxygen diffusion/ more work to move action potentials. |
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Voluntary Control of Muscles
(Flexors) are controlle by these tracts |
CRMR cramer
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Corticospinal
Rubrospinal Medullary |
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Corticospinal (Flexor) tract orignates in
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The cortex
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Rubrospinal tract (upper limb flexors) originates in
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The Red nucleus. Think Ruby Red.
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Type of neurons used by the Cortico and Rubrospinal tracts
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Alpha. How are sensory neurons noted?
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Roman Numerals. Motor is Greek, Sensory if Latin
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The Medullary (lateral) tract originates in
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Medullary Reticular Formation
What sort of neurons does it use? |
Interneurons that inhibit Alpha and Delta from the CorticoRubro axis.
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Reticulo Spinal and Vestibulo Spinal tracts are biased towards
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Extension. What sort of fibers do they use?
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Interneurons
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Anti Flexors/Extensors use what kinds of fibers
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Interneurons: Reticulospinal, Medullary, Vestibulospinal
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What Sensory roots are tested in the patellar reflex?
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L3 and L4
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Explain Alpha Gama Coactivation (With your dirty mouth!)
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Extrafusal muscles contract and intrafusal muscles in the golgi contract too so that shortening does not trigger jerks.
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Explain how tetanus toxin works. Hint Spinal Cord Grey
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It inhibits Renshaw cell glycine release. Renshaw cells (in Spinal Cord Grey Matter) inhibit Alpha motors. Result is sustained contractions and lockjaw(trisumus)
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Lower Motor Neuron Lesions Cause this Kind of paralysis
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Flacid. With atrophy of muscles and fibrilations. Where
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Ipsilateral to and at the level of the lesion.
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Werdnig-Hoffmann and Polio cause this
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Flacid LMN paralysis. Diminished reflexes. WerdHoff is a floppy baby syndrome.
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Upper Motor Neuron Lesions
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Cause Spastic weakness (can't really call it paralysis) Clonus. Babinski.Cremator absent.
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Explain Decorticate Posturing
Hint Interneurons and one Alpha neuron nuclei. |
Lesion above Red nucleus preserves the Rubrospinal tract, Med Retic, Pontine Retic, Vestibular
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Upper limb flexor is preserved (rubro) inhibition of other flexors preserved (med retic) Extensors preserved (pontine ret and vesti)
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Explain Decerebate posturing Hint all interneuron
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Only have extensors from:
Pon Ret Med Ret (alpha inhibitor) Vesti |
All extensor
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Decerebate vs. Decorticate
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The only difference it the red nucleus and its rubrospinal tract which flexes the upper limb.
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Is there a disease that affects both upper and lower motor neurons?
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ALS. This is a pure motor disease. Lou Gehrig's.
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Sympathetic Origins
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Hypothalamic
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Parasympathetic (craniosacral ) Origins
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Pons-medulla-
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Descending Hypothalamic (sympatheic) lesions
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Horner's : the osis disorders are?
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Miosis, midriasis, ptosis.
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