Neuromasters

Front 1

Transduction of vision - light

Back 1

! The rhodopsin molecule will split.
! A chemical reaction involving a G protein and a
phosphodiesterase enzyme will destroy he
cGMP. This will close the ion channel.
! Cations can no longer enter the cell and the
membrane hyperpolarises and the release of
glutamate decreases.

Front 2

Transduction of vision - dark

Back 2

! Ion channels on the photoreceptor membrane are
normally ‘open.’
! The ion channels admit cations
! The ion channels are held open by molecules of
cGMP (cyclic guanosine monophosphate), a
second messenger.
! The entry of cations depolarises the membrane
which results in a continuous release of glutamate.

Front 3

Pain perception - emotional unpleasantness

Back 3

Insular cortex > ACC (input from second somatosensory cortex and dorsomedial thalamic nucleus, respectively)

Front 4

Pain perception - sensory components

Back 4

primary > secondary somatosensory cortex (input from ventral posterior thalamic nucleus)

Front 5

Pain perception - long term emotional

Back 5

prefrontal cortex (input from ACC)

Front 6

Hippocampal pathyway

Back 6

Entorhinal complex > perforant path > granule cells/dentate gyrus> mossy fiber> CA3 field > pyrimidal cells > (split) basal forebrain and CA1> subiculm/entorhinal complex