Neurology - Primary Brain Tumors P 352

Front 1

The majority of adult primary brain tumors are ___tentorial?

Back 1

supratentorial

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The majority of childhood primary brain tumors are ___tentorial?

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infratentorial

Front 3

5 adult peak incidence primary brain tumors

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Glioblastoma multiforme (grade 4 astrocytoma)

Meningioma

Schwannoma

Oligodendroglioma

Pituitary adenoma

Front 4

5 childhood peak incidence primary brain tumors

Back 4

Pilocytic (low-grade) astrocytoma

Medulloblastoma

Ependymoma

Hemangioblastoma

Craniopharyngioma

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the most common primary brain tumor

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Glioblastoma multiforme (grade 4 astrocytoma)

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prognosis of glioblastoma multiforme

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grave progrnosis; <1 year life expectancy

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glioblastoma multiforme are found where?

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in cerebral hemispheres. Can cross corpus collosum ("butterfly glioma")

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stain astrocytes with...

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GFAP

(used in Glioblastoma multiforme (grade 4 astrocytoma)

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"pseudopalisading" tumor cells-border central areas of necrosis and hemorrhage

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glioblastoma multiforme (grade 4 astrocytoma)

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2nd most common primary brain tumor

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meningioma

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most often occurs in convexities of hemispheres and parasagittal region

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meningioma

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meningiomas occur where?

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most often occurs in convexities of hemispheres and parasagittal region

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arises from arachnoid cells external to brain

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meningioma

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meningiomas arise from which cells?

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arachnoid cells external to brain

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how do you treat meningiomas?

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they are resectable

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spindle cells concentrically arranged in a whorled pattern;

psammoma bodies (laminated calcifications)

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meningiomas

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histology of meningiomas

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spindle cells concentrically arranged in a whorled pattern;

psammoma bodies (laminated calcifications)

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3rd most common primary brain tumor

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Schwannoma

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Schwannomas arise from which cells

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Schwann cells... stupid

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where are Schwannomas usually found?

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8th nerve -> acoustic schwannoma. Resectable.

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Schwannoma are associated with which disease?

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Bilateral Schwannoma are found in neurofibromatosis type 2

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Relatively rare, slow growing adult tumor

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Oligodendroglioma

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where are oligodendrogliomas most often found?

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frontal lobes

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describe oligodendrocyte

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Oligodendrocytes = "fried egg" cells--round nuclei with clear cytoplasm. Often calcified in oligodendroglioma

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"fried egg" cells--round nuclei with clear cytoplasm.

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Oligodendrocytes

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Most common hormone secreted by pituitary adenoma

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Prolactin

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2 sequelae of pituitary adenoma

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Bitemporal hemianopia (due to pressure on optic chiasm) and hyper- or hypopituitarism

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tumor found in Rathke's pouch

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Pituitary adenoma

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Diffusely infiltrating glioma

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Pilocytic (low-grade) astrocytoma

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In children, most often found in posterior fossa

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Pilocytic (low-grade) astrocytoma

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where are Pilocytic (low-grade) astrocytomas most often found in children?

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posterior fossa

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prognosis of Pilocytic (low-grade) astrocytoma

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benign; good prognosis

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Rosenthal fibers are found in which tumor

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Pilocytic (low-grade) astrocytoma

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describe Rosenthal fibers

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eosinophilic, corkscrew fibers found in Pilocytic (low-grade) astrocytoma

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Highly malignant cerebellar tumor. A form of primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET)

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Medulloblastoma

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This tumor can compress the 4th ventricle, causing hydrocephalus

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Medulloblastoma

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this tumor has Rosettes or perivascular pseudorossete pattern of cells

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Medulloblastoma

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Radiosensative tumor

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Medulloblastoma

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Pattern of cells in medulloblastoma

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Rosettes or perivascular pseudorossete pattern of cells

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medulloblastomas are a form of which tumor group

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PNET

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prognosis of medulloblastoma

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highly malignant cerebellar tumor

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tumor most commonly found in 4th ventricle

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Ependymal cell tumors

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2 primary brain tumors that can cause hydrocephalus

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medulloblastoma
ependymoma

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prognosis of ependymoma

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poor prognosis

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where are ependymomas most often found?

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4th ventricle

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prognosis of medulloblastoma

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highly malignant cerebellar tumor

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tumor most commonly found in 4th ventricle

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Ependymal cell tumors

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2 primary brain tumors that can cause hydrocephalus

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medulloblastoma
ependymoma

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prognosis of ependymoma

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poor prognosis

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where are ependymomas most often found?

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4th ventricle

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Characteristic perivascular pseudorosettes. Rod-shaped blepharoplasts (basal ciliary bodies) found near nucleus

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Ependymoma

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what are blepharoplasts

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basal ciliary bodies found near nucleus in Ependymoma

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name 2 tumors that can have perivascular pseudorosettes?

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Medulloblastoma
Ependymoma

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Most often cerebellar; associated with von Hippel-Lindau sydrome when found with retinal angiomas. Can produce EPO -> secondary polycythemia. Has foamy cells and high vascularity.

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Hemangioblastoma

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Has foamy cells and high vascularity

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Hemangioblastoma

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associated with von Hippel-Lindau sydrome when found with retinal angiomas.

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hemangioblastoma

Hint 56

Most often cerebellar; associated with von Hippel-Lindau sydrome when found with retinal angiomas. Can produce EPO -> secondary polycythemia. Has foamy cells and high vascularity.

Front 57

Can produce EPO -> secondary polycythemia.

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hemangioblastoma

Hint 57

Most often cerebellar; associated with von Hippel-Lindau sydrome when found with retinal angiomas. Can produce EPO -> secondary polycythemia. Has foamy cells and high vascularity.

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where are hemangioblastoma usually located?

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cerebellum

Hint 58

Most often cerebellar; associated with von Hippel-Lindau sydrome when found with retinal angiomas. Can produce EPO -> secondary polycythemia. Has foamy cells and high vascularity.

Front 59

Benign childhood tumor, confused with pituitary adenoma (can also cause bitemporal hemianopia). Most common childhood supratentorial tumor. Derived from remnants of Rathke's pouch.
Calcification is common.

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Craniopharyngioma

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Benign childhood tumor, confused with pituitary adenoma

Back 60

Craniopharyngioma

Hint 60

Benign childhood tumor, confused with pituitary adenoma (can also cause bitemporal hemianopia). Most common chidlhood supratentorial tumor. Derived from remnants of Rathke's pouch.
Calcification is common.

Front 61

can cause bitemporal hemianopia

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Pituitary Adenoma
&
Craniopharyngioma

Hint 61

Benign childhood tumor, confused with pituitary adenoma (can also cause bitemporal hemianopia). Most common chidlhood supratentorial tumor. Derived from remnants of Rathke's pouch.
Calcification is common.

Front 62

Most common childhood supratentorial tumor.

Back 62

craniopharyngioma

Hint 62

Benign childhood tumor, confused with pituitary adenoma (can also cause bitemporal hemianopia). Most common childhood supratentorial tumor. Derived from remnants of Rathke's pouch.
Calcification is common.

Front 63

Tumor derived from remnants of Rathke's pouch.

Back 63

craniopharyngioma

Hint 63

Benign childhood tumor, confused with pituitary adenoma (can also cause bitemporal hemianopia). Most common chidlhood supratentorial tumor. Derived from remnants of Rathke's pouch.
Calcification is common.

Front 64

Calcification is common in this childhood tumor

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craniopharyngioma

Hint 64

Benign childhood tumor, confused with pituitary adenoma (can also cause bitemporal hemianopia). Most common chidlhood supratentorial tumor. Derived from remnants of Rathke's pouch.
Calcification is common.

Front 65

prognosis of craniopharyngioma

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benign

Hint 65

Benign childhood tumor, confused with pituitary adenoma (can also cause bitemporal hemianopia). Most common chidlhood supratentorial tumor. Derived from remnants of Rathke's pouch.
Calcification is common.