Neurology - Pass Clues

Front 1

1. What is the CNS?

Back 1

Brain, spinal cord, and oligodencrycytes.

Front 2

2. What is the PNS?

Back 2

Everything else, including Schwann cells.

Front 3

3. What is the ANS?

Back 3

Autonomic stuff (sympathetic and parasympathetic).

Front 4

4. What is the SNS?

Back 4

Moving your muscles.

Front 5

5. What is the PSNS?

Back 5

Rest-and-digest -- slow stuff down.

Front 6

6. How does PSNS behaves?

Back 6

"DUMBBELS"

Diarrhea
Urination
Miosis (constrict)
Bradycardia
Broncho-constrict
Erection
Lacrimation
Salivation

Front 7

7. What is the SNS?

Back 7

Fight-or-flight -- speeds stuff up.

Front 8

8. How does the SNS behaves?

Back 8

Constipation
Urinary retention
Mydriasis (eye wide with fright)
Tachycardia
Bronchodilate
Ejaculation
Xerophthalmia (dry eyes)
Xerostomia (dry mouth)

Front 9

9. What is Cushing's triad?

Back 9

HTN
Bradycardia
Irregular breathing

Front 10

10. What is Budd-Chiari?

Back 10

Hepatic vein obstruction

Front 11

11. What is Arnold-Chiari?

Back 11

Foramen magnum obstruction.

Front 12

12. What is Anencephaly?

Back 12

Notochord did not make contact with brain -- only have medulla (RR 8-10rpm)

Front 13

13. What is Encephalocele?

Back 13

Brain tissue herniation.

Front 14

14. What is Dandy-Walker malformation?

Back 14

No cerebellum, distended 4th/lateral ventricle.

Front 15

15. What is Arnold-Chiari malformation?

Back 15

Herniation of cerebellum through foramen magnum?
- Type I: cerebellar tonsil
- Type II: cerebellar vermis/medulla -- hydrocephalus, syringomyelia (loss of pain & temp)

Front 16

16. What is Spina Bifida Occulta?

Back 16

Covered by skin with tuft of hair.

Front 17

17. What is Spina Bifida Aperta?

Back 17

Has opening (⬆AFP)

Front 18

18. What is a Meningocele?

Back 18

Sacral pocket with meninges in it.

Front 19

19. What is a Meningomyelocele?

Back 19

Sacral pocket with meninges and NERVES in it.

Front 20

20. What is Open-angle glaucoma?

Back 20

Overproduction of fluid -- painless ipsilateral dilated pupil, gradual tunnel vision, optic disc cupping.

Front 21

21. What is Closed-angle glaucoma?

Back 21

Obstruction of Canal of Schlemm -- sudden onset, pain, emergency.

Front 22

22. What are the Watershed areas?

Back 22

Hippocampus, splenic flexure

Front 23

23. What bug loves the Frontal lobe?

Back 23

Rubella

Front 24

24. What bug loves the Temporal lobe?

Back 24

HSV

Front 25

25. What bug loves the Parietal lobe?

Back 25

Toxoplasma

Front 26

26. What bug loves the Hippocampus?

Back 26

Rabies

Front 27

27. What bug loves the Posterior Fossa?

Back 27

TB

Front 28

28. What bug loves the Dorsal Column Medial Lemniscus (DCML) tract?

Back 28

Treponema

Front 29

29. How do migraines present?

Back 29

Aura, photophobia, numbness and tingling, throbbing headache, nausea.

Front 30

30. How do Tension Headache present?

Back 30

"Band-Like" pain starts in the posterior neck, worse as day progresses, sleep disturbances.

Front 31

31. How does Cluster Headache present?

Back 31

Rhinorrhea, unilateral orbital pain, suicidal, facial flushing, worse with lying down.

Front 32

32. How does Temporal Arteritis present?

Back 32

Pain with chewing, blind in one eye.

Front 33

33. How does Trigeminal Neuralgia present?

Back 33

Sharp, shooting face pain.

Front 34

34. What are the 2 kinds of partial seizure?

Back 34

Simple (aware), and Complex (not aware)

Front 35

35. What are the 3 kinds of generalized seizure?

Back 35

Tonic-clonic (grand-mal)
Absence (petit-mal)
Status epilepticus

Front 36

36. How does and epidural hematoma present?

Back 36

Intermittent consciousness, "lucid interval"

Front 37

37. How does a subdural hematoma present?

Back 37

Headache 4 weeks post trauma, elderly "loose brain"

Front 38

38. How does a sub-arachnoid hemorrhage present?

Back 38

"Worst headache of my life". MCC berry aneurysm.

Front 39

39. What is an Astrocytoma?

Back 39

Rosenthal fibers, #1 in kids with occipital headache.

Front 40

40. What is an Ependymoma?

Back 40

Rosettes, in 4th ventricle, hydrocephalus.

Front 41

41. What is a Craniopharyngioma?

Back 41

Motor oil biopsy, tooth enamel, Rathke's pouch, ADH problem, bitemporal hemianopsia.

Front 42

42. What is Glioblastoma Multiforme?

Back 42

Pseudo-palisading, necrosis, worst prognosis, intralesional hemorrhage.

Front 43

43. What is Hemangioblastoma?

Back 43

Cerebellum, von-Hippel-Lindau.

Front 44

44. What is a Medulloblastoma?

Back 44

Pseudorosettes, compresses brain, early morning vomiting.

Front 45

45. What is a Meningioma?

Back 45

Parasagittal, psammoma bodies, whorling pattern, best prognosis.

Front 46

46. What are the most common places to metastasize to the brain?

Back 46

"Please Remember The Metastatic Brain Lesions"

- Pancreas
- Renal
- Thyroid
- Melanoma
- Breast
- Lungs

See at white-grey junction.

Front 47

47. What is an Oligodendroglioma?

Back 47

Fried-egg appearance, nodular calcificaiton

Front 48

48. What is a Pinealoma?

Back 48

Loss of upward gaze, Loss of circadian rhythm -- precocious puberty.

Front 49

49. What is a Schwannoma?

Back 49

CN-8 tumor (abducens), unilateral deafness.

Front 50

50. What is Neurofibromatosis?

Back 50

Cafe-au-lait spots (hyperpigmentation) -- peripheral nerve tumors, axillary freckles.

- Type I: (Von Recklinghausen's) - peripheral Chr17, optic glioma, Lisch nodules, scoliosis.

-Type II: (Acoustic neuroma) - central Chr22, cataracts, bitemporal deafness

Front 51

51. What is Sturge-Weber?

Back 51

Port-wine stain (big purple spot) on forehead, angioma of retina.

Front 52

52. What is Tuberous Sclerosis?

Back 52

Ashen-leaf spot (hypopigmentation), primary brain tumors, Heart rhabdomyomas, Renal cell CA, Shagreen spots (leathery)