Neurology From Fa, Set 1

Front 1

Which neural cell type has the following functions:
1. physical support
2. K+ metabolism
3. removal of excess neurotransmitter
4. Maintains BBB
5. Gliosis in response to injury

Back 1

Astrocyte (GFAP +)

Front 2

Microglia are what kind of functional cell? In an HIV infection, how do they react?

Back 2

Macrophage of the CNS.
In HIV, just like other macrophages, they fuse to become multinucleated giant cells.

Front 3

What neural cell myelinates CNS axons and is predominantly found in WHITE matter?
What disease destroys them?

Back 3

Oligodendroglia, which are destroyed in Multiple Sclerosis

Front 4

What neural cell myelinates PNS axons and promotes axonal regeneration?

Back 4

Schwann cells

Front 5

Schwann cells are destroyed in what disease? What tumor is derived from them?

Back 5

Guillain-Barre syndrome.
Acoustic neuroma (a schwannoma; internal acoustic meatus location, CNVIII risk)

Front 6

CNS neurons, ependymal cells, oligodendroglia, astrocytes: what is their origin?

Back 6

Neuroectoderm

Front 7

Schwann cells and PNS neurons: what is their origin?

Back 7

Neural crest

Front 8

Microglia and Macrophages: what is their origin?
*hint: starts w/M

Back 8

Mesoderm

Front 9

What conditions are due to an increase in norepinephrine? Decreases?

Where is NE synthesized?

Back 9

Anxiety and mania increases, Depression decreases

Synthesized in: Locus ceruleus (stress and panic); Reticular formation and Solitary Tract

Front 10

What conditions due to an increase in dopamine? Decreases?

Where is dopamine synthesized?

Back 10

Increase: Schizophrenia
Decreased: Parkinson's, depression

Synthesized: Ventral tegmentum and SNc

Front 11

What conditions are due to a decrease in 5-HT (serotonin)?

Where is 5-HT synthesized?

Back 11

Decrease: anxiety, depression

Synthesized: Raphe nucleus

Front 12

What conditions due to a decrease in Ach?

Where is Ach synthesized?

Back 12

Decrease: Alzheimer's, Huntington's, REM sleep

Synthesized: Basal nucleus of Meynert

Front 13

What conditions are due to a decrease in GABA?

Where is GABA synthesized?

Back 13

Decrease: anxiety, Huntington's

Synthesized: Nucleus accumbens

Front 14

Which hypothalmic nucleus is responsible for cooling and Parasympathetic?

Back 14

Anterior hypothalamus

Front 15

Which hypothalmic nucleus is responsible for heating and Sympathetic?

Back 15

Posterior hypothalamus

Front 16

Which hypothalamic nucleus produces antidiuretic hormone (ADH) to regulate water balance? Destruction of lesion of this nucleus will result in what?

Back 16

Supraopti nucleus.
Neurogenic Diabetes Insipidus

Front 17

What hypothalamic nucleus is considered the "master clock" for circadian rhythms?

Back 17

Suprachiasmatic nucleus

Front 18

The Lateral area/nucleus of the Hypothalamus is responsible for ? and a lesion would result in ?

Inhibited by...?

Back 18

Hunger
Lesion: anorexia, FTT "Shrink Laterally"

Leptin

Front 19

The Ventromedial area/nucleus of the Hypothalamus is responsible for ? and destruction/lesion would cause ?

Stimulated by...?

Back 19

Satiety
Lesion: hyperphagia (leading to obesity) "Lesioning VM nucleus makes you grow Ventrally and Medially"

Leptin

Front 20

The Limbic System is responsible for primitive behaviors. What are they?

Back 20

The Famous Five F's: Feeding, Fleeing, Fighting, Feeling, F*cking (sex)

Front 21

Parkinson's is due to a loss of ?
Excessive activity of ? is also associated with it.

Back 21

Dopaminergic neurons, leading to a decrease in dopamine.
There is also excessive cholinergic activity

Front 22

What drugs can be used for tx of Parkinson's?

Back 22

"BALSA"
Bromocriptine (pramipexole, ropinirole): dopamine-R agonists
Amantadine: increase dopamine
L(levo)-dopa/carbidopa: increase dopamine
Selegiline (MAO type B Inhibitor): prevent breakdown of dopamine
Benztropine (antimuscarinic to reduce tremor and rigidity; "Park your Benz"): curb excessive cholinergic activity

Front 23

What are the C's of Huntington's Disease?

Back 23

Chorea
Crazy (dementia)
CAG repeat disorder
Caudate degeneration

Front 24

What two molecules are lost in Huntington's Disease?

Back 24

Ach and GABA

Front 25

What do you give for Huntington's Disease?

Back 25

A dopamine block such as Haloperidol

Front 26

When you lesion bilateral Amygdala, what condition results?

Back 26

Kluver-Bucy syndrome: hyperorality, hypersexuality, disinhibited behavior

Front 27

Someone who is dis-inhibited, can't concentrate, has problems with orientation and judgment likely has a lesion in what brain lobe?

Back 27

Frontal Lobe
*may have primitive reflexes

Front 28

Lesion to the Right Parietal Lobe (under assumption that right side is the non-dominant) results in what?

Left Parietal Lobe?

Back 28

Spatial Neglect Syndrome: agnosia (ability to recognize) of the contralateral side of the world
i.e. woman only puts makeup on one side of her face
i.e. person doesn't recognize their own arm

Left Parietal: Gerstman Syndrome (agraphia, acalculia, finger agnosia, left-right disorientation)

Front 29

Lesion to the mammillary bodies (bilateral) results in what?

Back 29

Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome
*Wernicke: confusion, opthalmoplegia, ataxia
*Korsakoff: memory loss, confabulation, personality changes

Front 30

Lesion of what causes anterograde amnesia (can't make new memories)?

Back 30

Hippocampus

Front 31

Very rapid correction of HYPOnatremia commonly causes what disorder characterized by acute paralysis, dysarthria, dysphagia, diplopia, and loss of consciousness?

Back 31

Central Pontine Myelinolysis (IRREVERSIBLE)

Front 32

Post-thyroidectomy, your patient is hoarse. What did you nick?

Back 32

Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve

Front 33

Aphasia ?: nonfluent (because you can't talk) but can comprehend others
Where is the lesion?

Back 33

Broca's (Broca's Broken Boca).
Inferior Frontal Gyrus.

Front 34

Aphasia ?: fluent (you can talk) but you have no idea what other's are saying.
Where is the lesion?

Back 34

Wernicke's (Wernicke's is Wordy but makes no sense)
Superior Temporal Gyrus

Front 35

Aphasia?: Having both Broca's and Wernicke's Aphasia

Back 35

Global Aphasia

Front 36

Conduction aphasia is characterized by what?

Back 36

Can't repeat: "No its, ands, or buts"
Comprehension is intact, but can't make connection with it and thus what they say is gibberish.

Front 37

What is the order of incidence (Most common to least) of adult brain tumors?

Back 37

MGM Studios
Metastsis
GBM (grade IV astrocytoma)
Meningioma
Schwannoma

Front 38

What are the 3 most common primary brain tumors in children?

Back 38

Pilocytic Astrocytoma
Medulloblastoma
Ependymoma

Front 39

Psuedopalisading necrosis. Which primary brain tumor?

Back 39

GBM

Front 40

Polycythemia.
A/w von Hipple-Lindau syndrome.
Foamy cells, high vascularity.
Which primary brain tumor?

Back 40

Hemangioblastoma

Front 41

Neurofibromatosis II. Which primary brain tumor?

Back 41

Schwannoma

Front 42

Amenorrhea, anovulation, galactorrhea.
Which primary brain tumor?

Back 42

Pituitary adenoma (prolactinoma)

Front 43

Psammoma bodies. Which primary brain tumor?

Back 43

Meningioma

Front 44

Fried-egg appearance. Which primary brain tumor?

Back 44

Oligodendroglioma

Front 45

Perivascular psuedorosettes. Which primary brain tumor?

Back 45

Ependymoma

Front 46

Bitemporal hemianpoia. Which primary brain tumor?

Back 46

Pituitary adenoma, Craniopharyngioma

Front 47

Child with hydrocephalus. Which primary brain tumor?

Back 47

Medulloblastoma, Ependymoma

Front 48

Homer-Wright rosettes. Which primary brain tumor?

Back 48

Medulloblastoma