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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is dementia?
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• progressive loss of intellectual function, including memory loss
• also can have deficits in language, spatial processing, praxis, & executive function |
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What are examples of cortical dementia?
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• Alzheimer's disease
• diffuse Lewy body disease • frontotemporal dementia • vascular dementia |
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What are symptoms of cortical dementia?
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• major changes in memory
• language deficits • perceptual deficits • praxis disturbances |
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What are examples of subcortical dementia?
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• Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
• chronic menigitis • Huntington's disease • normal pressure hydrocephalus • Parkinson's disease • progressive supranuclear palsy |
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What are symptoms of subcortical dementia?
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• behavioral changes
• executive dysfunction • impaired affect and mood • less severe changes in memory • motor slowing |
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What are etiologies for dementia?
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• demyelinating disease
• heredometabolic disase • infectious disease • metabolic or nutritional disease • neurodegenerative disease • psychiatric disease • structural disease or trauma • vascular disease |
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Which form of dementia is characterized by progressive loss of cortical neurons, formation of amyloid plaques, and neurofibrillary tangles?
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Alzheimer's Disease
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Patients with Alzheimer's disease have a relative deficiency in the neurotransmitter?
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acetylcholine
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What are clinical features of Alzheimers?
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• begins gradually
• affects multiple cognitive functions |
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What are cognitive functions affected by Alzheimers?
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• judgement
• insight • language • memory • orientation • praxis • visuospatial processing |
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How is a definitive diagnosis of Alzheimer's made?
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biopsy or autopsy confirmation
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What are treatment options for Alzheimer's?
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• Cholinesterase-inhibiting drugs
• Nursing services • Antipsychotics, antidepressants, & anxiolytics |
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List examples of cholinesterase inhibitors
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• Donepezil (Aricept)
• Rivastigmine (Exelon) • Tacrine (Cognex) |
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What is the second most common cause of dementia?
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Diffuse Lewy Body Disease
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What are characteristics of Pick's disease?
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• atrophy of the frontal and temporal areas of the brain
• often begins w/ marked behavioral disturbances • pts often are hot-tempered & socially disinhibitied |
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How does the onset of dementia in Parkinson's differ from Alzheimer's?
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in Parkinson's, dementia occurs late in the disease
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What is the triad of symptoms of normal pressure hydrocephalus?
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• dementia
• gait instability • urinary incontinence |
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What is the difference between anterograde & retrograde amnesia?
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• Anterograde: inability to learn new information
• Retrograde: inability to recollect prior information |
