Neurology- Cranial Nerves/spinal Nerves

Front 1

Name all 12 pairs of cranial nerves.

Back 1

OOOTTAFVGVAH

Front 2

Which cranial nerves are sensory?

Back 2

I, II, VII

Front 3

Which cranial nerves are motor?

Back 3

III, IV, IX, XII

Front 4

Which cranial nerves are mixed?

Back 4

V, VII, IX, X

Front 5

Which cranial nerves are autonomic (parasympathetic) axons?

Back 5

III, VII, IX, X

Front 6

What is the function of the olfactory nerve?

Back 6

perception of smell
major component of normal behavior
(social, feeding, sexual)

Front 7

What is the optic nerve responsible for?

Back 7

conscious vision
eye preservation reflex- menace response (blink), pupillary light reflex (PLR)

Front 8

WHat is the pathway of the optic nerve?

Back 8

light transmits to the optic chiasm to the optic tract & terminates in the prerectal nucleus, rostal colliculus & lateral geniculate nucleus

Front 9

Where does the light that transmits through the optic nerve terminate?

Back 9

prerectal nucleus
rostral colliculus
lateral geniculate nucleus

Front 10

___________ of the Mesencephalon (relay for pupillary light reflex)

Back 10

Pretectal nucleus

Front 11

___________ of Mesencephalon (relay for sight avoidance reflex and pupil dilation).

Back 11

Rostral colliculus

Front 12

_____________ of the thalamus of the diencephalon (relay for sight preservation [menace response] and relay for conscious vision, visual acuity)

Back 12

Lateral geniculate nucleus

Front 13

WHat are the reflexes associated with the optic nerve?

Back 13

Menace response
Sight avoidance
Pupil response

Front 14

WHat is the normal function of the oculomotor nerve?

Back 14

LMN (GSE) responsible for motor innervation of levator skeletal muscle of the upper eyelid

the dorsal, medial and ventral rectus muscles and the ventral oblique muscle (skeletal).

Front 15

__________ allow conscious and reflex eye movements of the eyeball and elevation of the upper eyelid.

Back 15

CN III

Front 16

_________ is a lower motor neuron, autonomic parasympathetic innervation of the constrictor muscles of the iris causes constriction of the pupil(miosis).

Back 16

CN III

Front 17

_________ ganglion of CN III is an associated ganglia which houses post ganglionic parasympathetic, lower motor neuron cell bodies which innervates the constrictor muscle of the iris.

Back 17

cilary (motor)

Front 18

What cranial nerve controls the rotating of the eye medioventral.

Back 18

trochlear (CN IV)

Front 19

WHat is the normal function of the abducens nerve?

Back 19

LMN responsible for motor innervation of the Lateral rectus muscle of the eye and Retractor bulbi muscle of the eye.

Front 20

_______ nerve allows conscious and reflex lateral movement of the eye and/or protrusion of the third eyelid.

Back 20

abducens

Front 21

What are some signs of dysfunction in the Abducens nerve?

Back 21

medial deviation of the eye (medial stabismus) & inability to move the eye laterally.

Front 22

What reflexes is associated with the Abducens nerve?

Back 22

Oculocephalic reflex (dull eye reflex)
Corneal reflex

Front 23

________ reflex is associated with sensory CN III, IV, VI

Back 23

oculocephalic

Front 24

________ reflex is associated with sensory CN V & CN VII.

Back 24

Corneal

Front 25

_________ is a lower motor neuron, autonomic parasympathetic innervation of the constrictor muscles of the iris causes constriction of the pupil(miosis).

Back 25

CN III

Front 26

_________ ganglion of CN III is an associated ganglia which houses post ganglionic parasympathetic, lower motor neuron cell bodies which innervates the constrictor muscle of the iris.

Back 26

cilary (motor)

Front 27

_________ is responsible for motor innervation to dorsal oblique muscle of the eye (GSE)

Back 27

trochlear nerve

Front 28

What cranial nerve controls the rotating of the eye medioventral.

Back 28

trochlear (CN IV)

Front 29

WHat is the normal function of the abducens nerve?

Back 29

LMN responsible for motor innervation of the Lateral rectus muscle of the eye and Retractor bulbi muscle of the eye.

Front 30

_______ nerve allows conscious and reflex lateral movement of the eye and/or protrusion of the third eyelid.

Back 30

abducens

Front 31

What are some signs of dysfunction in the Abducens nerve?

Back 31

medial deviation of the eye (medial stabismus) & inability to move the eye laterally.

Front 32

What reflexes is associated with the Abducens nerve?

Back 32

Oculocephalic reflex (dull eye reflex)
Corneal reflex

Front 33

________ reflex is associated with sensory CN III, IV, VI

Back 33

oculocephalic

Front 34

________ reflex is associated with sensory CN V & CN VII.

Back 34

Corneal

Front 35

WHich cranial nerves are always considered as a group & are always tested together?

Back 35

CN III, CN IV, CN VI

Front 36

WHat is another name for an observed deviation of the eye?

Back 36

strabismus

Front 37

Name the the 3 branches of the trigeminal nerve.

Back 37

opthalmic
maxillary
mandibular

Front 38

Which CN is sensory to the whole head for pain, touch, temperature & pressure, which means the whole head & all associated parts.

Back 38

trigeminal (mixed)

Front 39

_______ projects motor axons to the muscles of mastification; only in the mandibular branch of this nerve.

Back 39

trigeminal (mixed)

Front 40

What is the associated ganglia of the trigeminal nerve?

Back 40

trigeminal ganglia

Front 41

_______ branchs of the trigeminal nerve has GSA axons only.

Back 41

opthalmic & maxillary

Front 42

What parts of the face does the does the opthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve innervate?

Back 42

A sensory division to the skin of the forehead, the skin lateral to the eye, most of the nasal cavity & the cornea of the eye.

Front 43

Where do the axons of the opthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve terminate?

Back 43

the main sensory nucleus of CN V in the metencephalon (touch, pressure, etc.) & the spinal nucleus of CN V in the myelencephalon (pain)

Front 44

Where do the axons of the maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve terminate?

Back 44

The same nuclei as the opthalmic branch

Front 45

What parts of the face does the maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve innervate?

Back 45

lower lateral eye lid, nasal mucosa, all upper teeth & upper gums (middle of the face)

Front 46

________ branch of the trigeminal nerve is both motor & sensory.

Back 46

mandibular

Front 47

What muscles does the motor portion of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve GSE LMN innervate?

Back 47

motor for mastification

Front 48

What muscles does the sensory portion of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve GSA LMN innervate?

Back 48

lower face & interauricular part of the ear.

Front 49

Which cranial nerves are associated with the motor component of the corneal reflex?

Back 49

CN VII & CN VI

Front 50

What is the sensory component of the corneal reflex associated with?

Back 50

opthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve

Front 51

What is the motor component of the corneal reflex associated with?

Back 51

Touch the cornea eye close- CN VII
Third eyelid protrudes- CN VI

Front 52

What is the sensory component of the palpebral reflex associated with?

Back 52

opthalmic branch of CN V

Front 53

What is the motor component of the palpebral reflex associated with?

Back 53

CN VII

Front 54

What cranial nerves are associated with touching the lateral & medial parts of the eyelid?

Back 54

medial angle = ophthalmic branch
lateral angle = ophthalmic branch & maxillary branches of trigeminal

Front 55

WHich cranial nerves are always considered as a group & are always tested together?

Back 55

CN III, CN IV, CN VI

Front 56

WHat is another name for an observed deviation of the eye?

Back 56

strabismus

Front 57

Name the the 3 branches of the trigeminal nerve.

Back 57

opthalmic
maxillary
mandibular

Front 58

Which CN is sensory to the whole head for pain, touch, temperature & pressure, which means the whole head & all associated parts.

Back 58

trigeminal (mixed)

Front 59

_______ projects motor axons to the muscles of mastification; only in the mandibular branch of this nerve.

Back 59

trigeminal (mixed)

Front 60

What is the associated ganglia of the trigeminal nerve?

Back 60

trigeminal ganglia

Front 61

_______ branchs of the trigeminal nerve has GSA axons only.

Back 61

opthalmic & maxillary

Front 62

What parts of the face does the does the opthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve innervate?

Back 62

A sensory division to the skin of the forehead, the skin lateral to the eye, most of the nasal cavity & the cornea of the eye.

Front 63

Where do the axons of the opthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve terminate?

Back 63

the main sensory nucleus of CN V in the metencephalon (touch, pressure, etc.) & the spinal nucleus of CN V in the myelencephalon (pain)

Front 64

Where do the axons of the maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve terminate?

Back 64

The same nuclei as the opthalmic branch

Front 65

What is the normal reflex & the cranial nerves associated with the Trigeminofacial reflex?

Back 65

twitch at area of touch (sensory – CN V; motor – CN VII)

Front 66

Sensory to touch inside nostril is associated with which cranial nerve & what reflex?

Back 66

maxillary of trigeminal & trigeminofacial reflex

Front 67

If whiskers are pulled and face contracts and eye closes which cranial nerve & what reflex is stimulated?

Back 67

(CN VII)
trigeminofacial reflex

Front 68

What are the signs of dysfunction in the trigeminal nerve?

Back 68

Bilateral- dropped jaw, Unilateral- weakened jaw both associated with mandibular portion.

Front 69

What muscles do the facial nerve innervate?

Back 69

muscles of facial expression (GSE)

Front 70

What are the 4 reflexes associated with the facial nerve?

Back 70

corneal
palprebral
trigeminofacial
menace

Front 71

What cranial nerves does the menace response deal with?

Back 71

CN II-sensory
CN VII- motor

Front 72

How does dysfunction effect the auriculopalpebral nerve?

Back 72

Inability to close eye, ptosis of upper & lower eye lids, no palpebral reflex

Front 73

How does dysfunction effect the the dorsal/ventral buccal branches of the facial nerve?

Back 73

paralysis/paresis of lower lip, lip commisure droop

Front 74

_______ nerve sends GVE fibers to lacrimal, mandibular sublingual gland & glands of buccal mucosa

Back 74

facial

Front 75

________ nerve sends SVA fibers to salivary gland on rostral 2/3 of tongue.

Back 75

Facial

Front 76

What 2 divisions make up the vestibulocochlear nerve?

Back 76

cochlear branch-responsible for hearing
vestibular branch- responsible for orientation of the head, body & eyes
balance & equlibrium.

Front 77

What is the associated ganglia of the vestibulocochlear nerve?

Back 77

vestibular ganglion (SSA)-sensory cell bodies that carry info from the inner ear helping w/ balance.

Front 78

What reflex is associated with the vestibulocochlear nerve?

Back 78

oculocephalic reflex- has vestibular nuclei that helps adjust eye movement in relation to head movement

Front 79

What are some signs of dysfunction in the vestibulocochlear nerve & what branch would it occur?

Back 79

Cochlear branch- Loss of hearing (complete or partial)

Vestibular branch- Circling, nystagmus, ataxia and loss of equilibrium, head tilt, falling, positional strabismus.

Front 80

Which cranial nerves can be tested using the oculocephalic reflex?

Back 80

CN III, IV, VI

Front 81

What are some signs of disturbance to the vestibulocochlear nerve?

Back 81

circling
Nystagmus
Ataxia & lost of equilibrium
Head tilt
Falling
Position strabismus

Front 82

Wich cranial nerve is almost always considered in association with CN X?

Back 82

CN IX- Glossopharyngeal nerve

Front 83

Which muscles do CN IX innervate?

Back 83

muscles of pharynx & soft palate to allow normal swalling & plays a role in gag & cough reflex.

Front 84

What is the importance of the glossopharyngeal nerve?

Back 84

It is the motor & sensory innervation to the pharynx & palate

Front 85

What is the associated ganglion to the glossopharyngeal nerve?

Back 85

glossopharyngeal ganglia- contains sensory & motor fibers that supply receptors in the pharyngeal mucosa.

Front 86

What cranial nerves is associated with the gag/cough reflex?

Back 86

Sensory- CN IX on gag & X on cough
Motor- CN IX, X, XI, XII

Front 87

What are some signs of dysfunction of the glossopharyngeal nerve?

Back 87

Dysphagia- problems swallowing
Regurgitation of undigested food
Blow food back through nose
Loss of gag reflex

Front 88

______ nerve is both motor & sensory to pharynx, palate, larynx, trachea & esophagus.

Back 88

vagus

Front 89

______ nerve is key in swallowing & protection of the larynx- gag, cough, vomit etc.

Back 89

Vagus

Front 90

______ nerve is autonomic preganglionic parasympathetic (GVE) to all visceral structures of esophagus, thorax & abdomen.

Back 90

Vagus

Front 91

WHat reflexes are associated with the vagus nerve|?

Back 91

gag reflex
cough reflex

Front 92

What are some signs of dysfunction of the vagus nerve|?

Back 92

cough
food blown back through nose

Front 93

What is the normal function of the hypoglossal nerve?

Back 93

allows conscious & reflex movement of the tongue, thus involve in normal swallowing

Front 94

What are some signs of dysfunction to the hypoglossal nerve?

Back 94

lack of strength to the tongue
lateral deviation when the tongue protrudes
Deviates to opposite side of lesion b/c its a paired nerve.

Front 95

Where is the dorsal rami distributed?

Back 95

To the Epaxial muscles of the trunk

Front 96

Where is the ventral rami distributed?

Back 96

To the hypaxial muscles of the trunk.

Front 97

Where is the phrenic nerve formed & what does it supply|?

Back 97

Formed by rhe 5th, 6th & 7th cervical nerves & supplies motor innervations to the diaphragm

Front 98

Is the phrenic nerve autonomic?

Back 98

Nope.

Front 99

Where is the brachial plexus formed & what structures does it supply?

Back 99

It is form by (C6-T2)vertebrae & supplies the intrinsic structures of the fore limb

Front 100

Which spinal nerve is associated with "Sweeney"?

Back 100

Suprascapular nerve C6-C7

Front 101

What is sweeney/shoulder slip?

Back 101

Paralysis of the lateral shoulder muscles due to its lateral position on the neck of the scapular bone.

Front 102

What spinal segments are associated with the musculocutaneous nerve?

Back 102

C7- C8

Front 103

What muscles do the musculocutaneous nerve supply?

Back 103

Supplies The Coracobrachialis And Biceps In The Upper Part Of The Arm And The Brachialis.

Front 104

What spinal segments are associated with the Axillary nerve?

Back 104

C8

Front 105

what muscles do the axillary nerve supply?

Back 105

The true flexors of the shoulder joint

Teres Major, Tere Minor & Deltoids

Front 106

What spinal segments are associated with the radial nerve?

Back 106

C7-C11

Front 107

What muscles do the radial nerve supply?

Back 107

the triceps & the carpal & digital extensors.

Front 108

Damage to what nerve causes paralysis to the elbow extensors?

Back 108

Radial

Front 109

Damage to what nerve causes paralysis to the carpal & digital extensors?

Back 109

radial

Front 110

______ nerve damage can cause anesthesia of the skin territory.

Back 110

radial

Front 111

Full damage to the radial nerve would point the injury to where/

Back 111

proximal to the middle of the arm.

Front 112

Radial nerve damage causing anesthesia of the skin territory & paralysis of the carpal & digital extensors would point an injury to what portion of the arm?

Back 112

Distal part of the arm.

Front 113

Can an animal bear weight if there is radial damage above the tricep?

Back 113

No

Front 114

Can an animal bear weight if there is radial damage below the tricep?

Back 114

yes

Front 115

What is an associated sign of proximal injury to the radial nerve?

Back 115

Inability to bear weight

Front 116

What is an associated sign of distal injury to the radial nerve?

Back 116

Unable to extend the carpus & digits

Front 117

What does the lumbosacral plexus supply & what spinal segments are associated with it?

Back 117

The hind limb
L4-S2

Front 118

What spinal segments are associated with the genitofemoral nerve?

Back 118

L3-L4

Front 119

What does the genitofemoral nerve supply?

Back 119

The skin over the medial aspect of the thigh & a genital branch that supplies the spermatic fascia, scrotum & prepuce.

Front 120

What spinal segments are associated with the femoral & saphenous nerves?

Back 120

L4-L6

Front 121

Severe damage to the femoral nerve can cause what?

Back 121

Paralysis of the quads, can't bear weight on limb.

Front 122

Where is the pelvic nerve located & what part of the visceral efferent system does it belong to?

Back 122

S2-S3
Parasympathetic

Front 123

Where is the pudendal nerve located in the dog?

Back 123

S1-S3

Front 124

Where is the pudendal nerve located in the ruminant?

Back 124

S2-S4

Front 125

Where is the pudendal nerve located in the horse?

Back 125

S2, S3 & S4