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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Nucleus accumbens (medium spiny neurons)
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GABA
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Striatum
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GABA
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Striatal interneurons
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Acetylcholine
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ADHD
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Dopamine
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Tetrodotoxin
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Blocks voltage gated Na channels
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Alpha-bungarotoxin
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Nicotinic ACh receptor
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Picrotoxin
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GABAa
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Strychnine
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Glycine receptor
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Dopamine synthesis pathway
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Tyrosine (tyrosine hydroxylase - RL) ->DOPA (DOPA decarboxylase) -> dopamine
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Acetylcholine (sites of action)
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- Peripheral NS
- Neuromuscular junction - Parasympathetic NS - Preganglionic sympathetics - Postganglionic sympathetics to sweat glands |
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Cholinergic pathways
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- Septal nuclei to Fornix
- Nucleus basalis of Meynert to neocortex (AD) - Striatum local circuits (HD, AD) - Neocortex local circuits |
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Dopaminergic pathways
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- Substantia nigra to striatum
- Ventral tegmental area to limbic system (mesolimbic pathway) - Arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus to portal vessels of infundibulum (tuberohypophyseal pathway) |
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Norepinephrine
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- Locus ceruleus in pons and midbrain to all parts of CNS
- Lateral tegmental area in medulla and pons via central tegmental tract and medial forebrain bundle to thal and hypothal |
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Serotonin
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- Medullary raphe nuclei to dorsal horns of spinal cord
- Pontine raphe nuclei to spinal cord and cerebellum - Midbrain raphe nuclei to diencephalin and telencephalon including striatum - Pineal gland converts to melatonin |
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Neurotransmitters involved in...
Alzheimer's |
Acethylcholine (nucleus basalis, striatum)
Norepinephrine (Locus cereleus) |
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Neurotransmitters decreased in...
Huntington's Disease |
Acetylcholine (striatum)
GABA (striatum and SN) |
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Neurotransmitters involved in...
Mania |
Norepinephrine
Serotonin |
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Endorphins
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- From POMC
- Endocrine function - Found in hypothalamic arcuate and premamillary nuclei) |
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Enkephalins
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- Derived from proenkephalin
- Highest concentration in globus pallidus - Synthesized in striatum - Suppress pain in dorsal horn of spinal cord |
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Substance P
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- Dorsal root ganglion cells projecting to substantia gelatinosa
- Pain transmission from Ad and C fibers - Synthesized in striatal neurons projecting to globus pallidus and substantia nigra - Highest concentration in substantia nigra |
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Somatostatin
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Decreased in AD
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GABA-ergic cell types
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- Purkinje, stellate, basket, Golgi in cerebellum
- Striatum to GP and SN - Pallidum to thalamus - SN to thalamus |
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Glycine
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- Major inhibitory transmitter of the spinal cord
- Used by Renshaw cells (apha motor interneurons) - Blocked by strychnine |
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Glutamatergic cell types
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- Cerebellar granule cells
- Corticobulbar and spinal tracts - Dorsal root ganglion cells |
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Purkinje cells
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GABA
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Histamine
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- Posterior tuberomamillary nucleus of the hypothalamus
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Substantia innominata
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- Acetylcholine
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Granule cells
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Glutamate
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