Neurology Basic Definitions Pages 3 - 5

Front 1

slight paralysis affecting one side only

Back 1

hemiparesis

Front 2

eruption of groups of vesicles associated with the course of a nerve due to inflammation of ganglia and dorsal nerve roots resulting from an activation of the varicella zoster virus, which may have laid dormant for many years

Back 2

Herpes zoster

Front 3

autosomal, dominant, inherited degenerative brain disease (Woody Guthrie had it, Arlo does not), especially affecting the caudate nucleus, produces chorea

Back 3

Huntington disease

Front 4

over eating

Back 4

Hyperphagia

Front 5

over sleeping

Back 5

Hypersomnia

Front 6

reduced tension, e.g. in muscles

Back 6

Hypotonia

Front 7

an area of necrosis due to sudden loss of blood supply

Back 7

Infarction

Front 8

a lethal neurodegenerative disorder that appears to be transmitted primarily through direct contact with infected nervous tissue (this is why you wear gloves in the lab)

Back 8

Kuru

Front 9

continuous rigidity associated with Parkinson's disease

Back 9

Lead-pipe rigidity

Front 10

a condition caused by a lesion in the pons where the patient is alert but unable to respond to the environment due to loss of voluntary muscle control below the level of the oculomotor nuclei

Back 10

Locked-in syndrome

Front 11

The use of high intensity magnetic field to alight protons, a transient electromagnetic pulse to disrupt the alignment and a radiowave detector to measure local energy changes

Back 11

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Front 12

any of a variety of diseases producing alteration or discoloration of the skin of the face

Back 12

Mask

Front 13

carcinoma that spreads through the meninges without producing a discrete mass

Back 13

Meningeal carcinomatosis

Front 14

associated with the HIV-1 virus, the lymphoma originates outside the nervous system and forms sheets of cells in the arachnoid space

Back 14

Meningeal lymphomatosis

Front 15

inflammation of the meninges

Back 15

Meningitis

Front 16

meningitis caused by a bacterial, viral, fungal, or protozoan infection

Back 16

Meningoencephalitis

Front 17

a broad category of potentially fatal diseases causing muscle weakness and wasting

Back 17

Motor neuron disease

Front 18

motor neuron disease caused by demyelination of the corticospinal tracts

Back 18

Multiple sclerosis

Front 19

muscle weakness that develops due to autoimmune damage to the acetylcholine receptors of noncardiac striated muscle

Back 19

Myasthenia gravis

Front 20

sudden onset of sleep

Back 20

Narcolepsy

Front 21

any disorder affecting any part of the nervous system

Back 21

Neuropathy

Front 22

paralysis of one or more of the motor nerves to the eye

Back 22

Ophthalmoplegia

Front 23

movement of the eye when gaze is fixed

Back 23

Optokinetic nystagmus

Front 24

the loss of ability to speak correctly, including word substitutions, jumbling of words and sentences

Back 24

Paraphasia

Front 25

an abnormal sensation

Back 25

Paresthesias

Front 26

deterioration of the dopamine producing cells in the substantia nigra, decreased mobility, in particular an inability to start motions or to finish motions once started

Back 26

Parkinson disease

Front 27

pain that seems to arise in an amputated limb

Back 27

Phantom limb pain

Front 28

rare neoplasm derived from the pineal gland

Back 28

Pinealomas

Front 29

the "sleepy sickness" of Awakenings

Back 29

Postencephalic Parkinsonism

Front 30

transient thought disorders following seizures

Back 30

Postictal confusion

Front 31

coma-like condition that can develop after structural brain injuries, encephalitis, metabolic encephalopy, psychiatric disturbances and poisoning

Back 31

Pseudocoma

Front 32

cover a range of seizure-like phenomena that may or may not be associated with real seizures

Back 32

Pseudoseizures

Front 33

no loss of vision but patient cannot recognize what they see

Back 33

Psychic blindness

Front 34

a mental disorder causing gross distortion or disorganization of a person's mental capacity, affective response, and capacity to recognize reality, communicate and relate to others to the degree of interfering with their capacity to cope with the ordinary demands of everyday life

Back 34

Psychosis

Front 35

impaired language comprehension, also called Wernicke's aphasia

Back 35

Receptive aphasia

Front 36

an involuntary reaction in response to a stimulus applied to the periphery and transmitted to the nervous centers of the brain and spinal cord

Back 36

Reflex

Front 37

stiffness or inflexibility

Back 37

Rigidity

Front 38

test for distinguishing between hearing loss due to acoustic nerve injury and to conductive hearing loss

Back 38

Rinne test (mastoid)

Front 39

parergasia, the most common type of psychosis, characterized by a disorder in the thinking process, such as delusions and hallucinations and extensive withdrawl from the outside world

Back 39

Schizophrenia

Front 40

neurofibroma, neurolemoma, usually develope on CN VIII, but also on CNs V, IX, X, or VII

Back 40

Schwannoma

Front 41

an isolated area of the visual field where vision is absent or depressed

Back 41

Scotoma

Front 42

the sudden onset of a disease or of certain symptoms

Back 42

Seizure

Front 43

sleep disturbance due to breathing interruption

Back 43

Sleep apnea

Front 44

sleepwalking

Back 44

Somnambulism

Front 45

a state of increased muscle tone with an exaggeration of the tendon reflexes

Back 45

Spasticity

Front 46

a lay term denoting a sudden neurological affliction usually related to the cerebral blood supply

Back 46

Stroke (apoplexy)

Front 47

fainting due to sudden drop in blood pressure

Back 47

Syncope

Front 48

spinal cord disease producing lesions in the dorsal columns and the dorsal root ganglia, caused by syphilis

Back 48

Tabes dorsalis

Front 49

habit chorea or spasm

Back 49

Tic

Front 50

damage to CN V, causing facial pain and arising from light touch to a seemingly inappropriate area or arising spontaneously

Back 50

Tic douloureux

Front 51

ringing in the ears

Back 51

Tinnitus

Front 52

Tic douloureux

Back 52

Trigeminal neuralgia

Front 53

test for fine touch

Back 53

Two-point discrimination

Front 54

a common cause of focal or diffuse cerebro-cortical dysfunction resulting from vessel occlusion, inflammation, or hemorrhages

Back 54

Vascular disease

Front 55

dizziness, sense of whirling motion

Back 55

Vertigo

Front 56

verbal auditory agnosia, deficit of comprehension of spoken, but not written word, rare, associated with lesions affecting connections of primary auditory cortex to Wernicke's area

Back 56

Word deafness